JOURNAL 


Journey  Over  the  Mountains; 


'  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 

WHILE    SURVEYING    FOR    LORD   THOMAS    FAIRFAX,    BARON    OF   CAMERON, 


NORTHERN  NECK  OF  VIRGINIA, 

BEYOND  THE  BLUE  RIDGE, 
IN 

1747-8. 


Copied  f torn  the  Original  with  Literal  Exactness  and  Edited  with    Notes 

BY 

J.  M.  TONER,  M.  D. 


ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

JOEL  MUNSELL'S  SONS,  PUBLISHERS 
1892 


TABLE  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


1.  Mount  Vernon  farms,  to  face  page iv 

2.  Mount  Vernon  hills  —  made  as  early  as  1747, 

traced  from  original,  to  face  page 9 

3.  Plan    of   Major  Lawrence  Washington's  tur 

nip   field,    traced   from   original,    to   face 
page 14 

4.  Plan  of  survey  of  land  known  as  "  Hell  Hole," 

traced  from  original,  to  face  page 24 

5.  Mount  Vernon  river  front  at  mouth  of  Hunt 

ing    creek,  traced    from    original,  to  face 
page 52 

6.  Surveying  or  measuring  land,  a  study  traced 

from  original,  to  face  page 56 

7.  Lost  river,  traced  from  the  original,  to  face 

Page 73 

8.  Plat  of  Francis  Jett's  land,  traced  from    the 

original,  to  face  page 76 

9.  Plat  of  Elizabeth  Washington's  land,  traced 

from  the  original,  to  face  page 76 

10.  Plat  of  survey  for   Richard   Barnes,  Gent., 

copied  from  Sparks,  to  face  page 79 


M1689I7 


PREFACE. 


Washington's  Journal  here  given  to  the  public, 
if  we  except  his  version  of  the  "  Rules  of  Civility  and 
Decent  .Behaviour  in  Company  and  Conversation," 
is  the  earliest  literary  effort  of  this,  the  most  admira 
ble  character  in  all  history.  The  editor  has  long 
been  engaged  in  collecting  accurate  copies  of  all  the 
obtainable  writings  of  this  great  man.  Wherever  it 
has  been  found  practicable  to  examine  and  critically 
compare  even  his  generally  accepted  writings  with 
the  originals,  it  has  been,  or  will  be  done  to  secure  a 
copy  of  exact  and  verified  conformity,  in  every  par 
ticular,  with  the  text  as  it  left  the  hand  of  the  writer. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  editors  have  taken 
great  liberties  with  Washington's  writings,  not  for 
the  purpose  of  falsifying  history,  or  aspersing  his 
character,  but  from  a  variety  of  reasons,  often  to  sup 
press  caustic  expressions,  or  to  substitute  a  more 
euphonious  word  to  give  to  his  sentences  a  fine,  rhe 
torical  finish.  Such  editorial  dressing,  even  where 
the  motive  is  well  intended,  is  vicious  in  principle 
and  liable  to  abuse ;  and,  in  the  case  of  Washington's 
writings,  is  neither  justifiable  nor  desirable.  The 
time  has  come  when  the  people  want  to  know  inti 
mately  and  without  glamour  or  false  coloring,  the 
father  of  his  country  as  he  actually  lived  and  labored, 


6  Preface. 

and  to  possess  his  writings,  just  as  he  left  them,  on 
every  subject  which  engaged  his  attention.  It  is  the 
purpose  of  the  editor  to  prepare  a  complete  collection 
of  all  the  writings  of  George  Washington,  from  his 
youth  to  the  close  of  his  eventful  life,  with  that 
literal  exactness  as  to  text  which  can  only  be  assured 
by  the  careful  efforts  of  an  experienced  copyist  and 
expert  proof  reader  having  access  to  and  comparing 
in  every  possible  case  the  copies  with  the  originals. 
This  initial  Diary  of  Washington  opens  with  his  six 
teenth  year,  and  plainly  shows  the  energy  and  the 
maturity  of  his  judgment,  and  his  capability  to  dis 
charge  even  then  important  trusts  with  efficiency. 

Forthcoming  volumes  will  give,  in  chronological 
order,  his  co-operation  in  the  march  of  events  on  this 
continent,  and  his  life  and  opinions  as  seen  through 
the  writings  he  left.  This  volume  must  be  viewed  as 
the  work  of  a  youth,  making  a  few,  brief  and  hurried 
memoranda  while  in  the  depths  of  the  forest  and  in 
tended  for  no  eye  but  his  own.  The  time  is  not  far 
distant  when  an  edition  of  Washington's  more  im 
portant  papers  will  be  called  for  in  facsimile  by  some 
one  of  the  photogravure  processes  now  available  for 
such  purposes,  because  of  the  unquestionable  fidelity 
to  the  original  it  secures  and  which  is  approximately 
arrived  at  in  this  publication. 

This  is  the  first  systematic  attempt  to  produce  the 
writings  of  Washington  with  literal  exactness  as  to 
abbreviations,  the  use  of  capitals,  punctuation,  spell 
ing,  etc.  It  is  possible  that  the  plan  pursued  may 


Preface.  7 

not,  at  first,  meet  with  an  unqualified  commendation 
from  the  public.  But  if  the  editor  does  not  much 
mistake  the  desire  of  students,  the  admirers  of 
Washington  and  the  demand  of  historians,  this 
method,  if  faithfully  executed,  must  produce  the  pre 
ferred  edition  of  his  writings. 

A  few  miscellaneous  pieces  in  Washington's  youth 
ful  handwriting  are  preserved  in  this  Journal,  and  are 
here  printed  with  the  same  effort  for  literal  accuracy 
which  has  been  bestowed  upon  the  Journal  itself, 
and  upon  his  field  notes  of  land  surveys. 


// 


INTRODUCTION. 


THIS  journal  of  George  Washington,  now  for  the 
first  time  printed  entire  and  with  literal  exact 
ness,  was  begun,  as  shown  by  the  date  in  the  opening 
lines,  when  he  was  but  one  month  over  sixteen  years  of 
age.  It  is  his  own  daily  record  of  observations  during 
his  first  remunerated  employment.  His  proficiency 
as  a  surveyor,  and  his  fortitude  in  encountering  the 
hardships  of  the  forest  in  this  expedition  were,  consid 
ering  his  age,  truly  remarkable.  With  him  the  begin 
ning  determined  the  end.  Biographers  have  made  us 
acquainted  with  the  character  of  his  worthy  parents, 
and  with  the  sturdy  stock  from  which  they  were  de 
scended.  It  does  seem  as  though  Providence  called 
our  Washington  into  being,  and  educated  him  in  the 
western  world  just  at  the  time  when  a  great  leader 
was  wanted  to  direct  a  revolution,  and  to  found  on 
this  continent  a  new  and  a  free,  English-speaking 
nation.  Every  factor,  whether  of  lineage  or.  culture, 
in  the  admirably  balanced  character  of  Washington, 
as  well  as  every  aspiration  of  his  heart,  from  his 
cradle  to  his  grave,  is  of  high  interest  to  the  world- 
Although  deprived  of  a  father's  care  at  the  age  of 
2 


io  Introduction. 

eleven  years,  he  was,  however,  especially  blessed  in 
having  such  a  mother  as  the  noble  Mary  Washington, 
who  conscientiously  discharged  her  sacred  duty  as  his 
guardian,  counselor  and  friend.  Hence  filial  rever 
ence  grew  with  his  growth  and  strengthened  with  his 
maturing  years  into  fixed  principles,  making  him 
throughout  all  his  eventful  life  loyal  to  every  virtue 
and  heroic  in  every  trust. 

When  George  Washington  set  out  on  the  enter 
prise  herein  narrated,  he  was  just  out  of  school,  where 
he  had  received  the  best  education  the  neighborhood 
could  supply,  supplemented  with  good  private  in 
struction.  We  may  well  believe  that  his  mother  and 
his  brothers  then  supposed  that  George  had  attained 
an  age  and  proficiency  when  he  should  either  go  to 
college  to  acquire  a  higher  education,  or  embark 
speedily  in  some  respectable  calling  ;  and  we  may 
further  conclude  that  this  precocious  youth  was  eager 
to  take  part  in  the  affairs  of  life,  and  deferentially 
announced  his  preference  for  the  latter  course.  Pos 
sibly  he  was  influenced  in  this  selection  by  his  great 
admiration  for  his  half-brother,  Major  Lawrence 
Washington,  who  was  actively  and  prosperously 
engaged  in  various  business  enterprises,  who  made 
much  of  George,  and  had  him  visit  Mount  Vernon 
whenever  it  was  practicable. 

George  Washington's  aptitude  for  mathematics 
early  attracted  the  attention  of  his  teachers,  and  his 
beautifully  kept  copy-books,  which  are  still  preserved, 
attest  his  unusual  ability  in  mathematical  demonstra- 


Introduction.  1 1 

tion  and  diagrams.  Mr.  Williams,  the  principal  of 
the  Academy  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va.,  where 
young  Washington  was,  to  give  a  practical  value  to 
this  mathematical  talent,  had  added  surveying  and 
navigation  to  his  other  studies  ;  and  these  were  soon 
mastered  by  this  bright  pupil.  Land  surveying  was 
then  a  profitable  and  genteel  pursuit  in  the  colonies, 
and  it  comported  well  with  Washington's  tastes  and 
inclinations.  While  visiting  his  brother  at  Mount 
Vernon,  he  had  repeatedly  amused  himself  and  enter 
tained  guests  of  the  house  by  surveying,  in  their 
presence,  the  garden,  or  a  field,  and  rapidly  drawing 
plats  of  them  as  an  exercise.  A  few  maps  of  such 
early  surveys  have  been  preserved.  One  of  them,  of 
Lawrence  Washington's  turnip  field,  bearing  date  27 
Feb.,  1747-8,  is  reproduced  in  fac-simile  in  this  publi 
cation.  The  others  are  without  date,  but  are  of  about 
the  same  period  ;  although  one,  namely  that  of  "  Hell 
Hole,"  a  part  of  the  Mount  Vernon  estate,  and  fre 
quently  mentioned  in  Washington's  later  diaries,  may 
have  been  an  earlier  production.  A  fac-simile  of  it 
may  also  be  found  in  this  work. 

Washington's  efficiency  and  enthusiasm  as  a  sur 
veyor  were  observed  and  admired  not  only  by  his 
friend  and  companion,  George  William  Fairfax,  but 
also  by  the  Hon.  Wm.  Fairfax  and  by  Lord  Fairfax, 
who  were  constantly  employing  surveyors  to  lay  off 
lands  for  sale  in  the  latter's  large  domain  known  as 
"The  Northern  Neck"  of  Virginia.  During  the 
early  spring  of  1 748  the  demands  for  surveys  were 


1 2  Introduction. 

more  than  usually  pressing  by  actual  settlers  in  the 
Shenandoah  valley.  Lord  Fairfax  engaged  the  youth, 
George  Washington,  to  proceed  with  George  William 
Fairfax,  his  agent,  as  recorded  in  this  journal,  to  exe 
cute  certain  commissions  and  meet  a  pressing  demand. 
His  surveys  and  reports  gave  entire  satisfaction  and 
led  to  his  steady  employment  by  his  titled  patron, 
principally  as  a  director  of  his  lordship's  land  office 
and  of  the  surveys,  preparatory  to  sale.  Washington 
filled  this  position  for  about  three  years,  when  he  was 
called  upon  to  accompany  his  brother  Lawrence,  who, 
from  failing  health,  was  constrained,  in  the  fall  of 
1751,  to  visit  the  West  Indies  in  the  hope  of  finding 
relief. 

The  journal  kept  by  George  Washington  during  his 
visit  to  Barbadoes  in  company  with  his  brother,  will 
be  given  in  a  separate  work  soon  to  be  issued  in  its 
chronological  order  by  the  editor.  The  journal  here 
presented  to  the  public  is,  in  the  main,  confined  to 
Washington's  daily  entries,  memoranda  and  field  notes 
of  surveys  of  land  situated  between  the  Blue  Ridge 
and  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Unfortunately  the  records  of  his  surveys  are  not 
consecutive,  and  it  is  quite  evident  that  they  represent 
but  a  part,  and  probably  but  a  small  part,  of  the  land 
surveyed  by  Washington  for  Lord  Fairfax  and  others. 
The  notes  of  surveys  here  published  are  all  that  can 
be  found  or  that  are  now  known  to  exist.  It  is  to  be 
hoped,  however,  that  if  other  books  of  his  field  notes 
of  surveys  have  escaped  destruction,  they  may  yet  be 


Introduction.  1 3 

discovered.  This  hope  is  encouraged  from  the  fact 
that  the  laws  of  the  colony  required  surveyors,  upon 
retiring  from  their  official  stations  as  county  survey 
ors,  to  deposit  their  field  books  of  notes  of  surveys 
with  the  records  of  the  county.  How  far  this  law  was 
complied  with,  the  editor  is  unable  to  say.  It  is  a 
mistake,  however,  to  infer  that  Washington  was  con 
stantly  employed  in  actually  running  lines  and  taking 
field  notes.  He  was  largely  charged  with  the  super 
vision  of  Lord  Fairfax's  land  office,  and  the  records 
thereto  belonging,  and  was  his  principal  adviser  in 
his  land  surveys,  directing  the  men  employed  in  the 
field  work. 

This  journal,  with  its  memoranda  and  surveys, 
makes  a  valuable  addition  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
life  and  employments  of  Washington  in  his  youth. 
Here  are  also  preserved  the  names  of  nearly  three 
hundred  of  the  early  settlers  and  first  land  owners  in 
the  great  valley  of  Virginia,  for  whom  Washington 
made  surveys,  or  who  assisted  him  in  this  business. 

It  was  a  cherished  hope  of  the  editor  that  he  might 
be  able  to  give,  in  notes,  brief  sketches  of  the  pioneers 
in  the  valley  here  named,  through  the  assistance  of 
their  descendants,  who,  in  many  instances,  reside  upon 
lands  surveyed  by  Washington  for  their  ancestors. 
In  this,  however,  he  has  been  disappointed. 

The  journal,  memoranda  and  surveys  found  in 
these  books  have  all  been  copied  with  literal  exact 
ness  and  are  here  printed  just  as  they  were  recorded 
by  the  hand  of  their  author.  This  literalness  is  ad- 


1 4  Introduction. 

hered  to  in  the  interest  of  truth  and  for  the  benefit 
of  earnest  students  of  history  unable  to  consult  per 
sonally  the  originals.  Washington  requires  no  apol 
ogy  for  any  apparent  want  of  style  or  other  marks  of 
hasty  composition  in  this  journal.  It  was  written  in 
the  nature  of  a  memorandum  intended  for  himself 
alone.  His  thoughts,  even  in  these  youthful  produc 
tions,  flow  easily  and  in  an  orderly  and  consecutive 
manner.  His  sentences  are  never  involved  or  obscure, 
and  his  observations  are  always  apt  and  instructive ; 
and,  although  a  youth  in  years  when  this  journal  was 
written,  he  was  dealing  ably  with  important  interests, 
and  deporting  himself  in  a  manly  manner,  and  asso 
ciating  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  the  foremost  men  of 
the  day.  He  seems  to  have  had  no  idle  boy  life,  but 
was  a  man  with  manly  instincts  and  ambitions  from 
his  youth.  Time  and  accidents  are  slowly,  but  effect 
ually,  destroying  the  precious  original  manuscripts, 
so  that  a  literal  and  authentic  copy  is  a  great  desid 
eratum.  No  liberty  whatever  is  taken  by  the  editor 
with  the  text  as  recorded  by  Washington.  The 
notes  which  are  added,  it  is  hoped,  may  prove  of 
interest.  J.  M.  T. 


/ 


JOURNAL, 


A  Journal  of  my  Journey  over  the  Mountains  be 
gan  Fryday  the  nth  of  March  1747-8.* 

Fryday  March  i  ith  1 747-8.  Began  my  Journey2  in 
Company  with  George  Fairfax,  Esqr.  ;3  we  travell'd 
this  day  40  Miles  to  Mr  George  Neavels4  in  Prince 
William  County.5 

Double  dating  of  the  year,  as  is  done  here,  was  an  old  cus 
tom  observed  between  January  1st  and  the  25th  of  March. 
For  all  other  portions  of  the  year  a  single  date  was  used.  Al 
though  January  1st  had  been  generally  accepted  as  the  begin 
ning  of  the  historical  year  in  Christian  countries,  yet  March 
25th  was  held  by  some  as  the  beginning  of  the  civil  or  legal 
year.  The  Gregorian  chronology  or  new  style  had  not,  at  the 
time  this  journal  was  written,  been  adopted  by  England,  and, 
indeed,  was  not  until  September  2nd,  1752. 

2  The  party  on  this  expedition  set  out  from  "  Belvoir,"  the 
home  and  plantation  of  the  Hon.  William  Fairfax,  described 
by  General  Washington  as  "  within  full  view  of  Mount  Yernon, 
separated  by  water  only,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  seats  on 
the  river."  (Letter  to  John  Sinclair,  11  December,  1796.)  It 
was  founded  by  William  Fairfax,  cousin  and  agent  to  Lord 
Thomas  Fairfax,  and  was  his  residence  until  his  death  in  1757. 
The  estate  then  passed  to  his  eldest  son,  George  William  Fair 
fax,  also  one  of  Lord  Fairfax's  agents,  and  was  his  residence 
until  July,  1773,  when,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  he  went  to 
England  to  attend  to  some  property  he  had  inherited  there. 
Washington,  his  friend  and  neighbor,  consented  to  act  as  his 
agent  during  his  absence,  which,  at  the  time,  neither  anticipated 
would  be  of  long  continuance. 


i 6  Journal. 

"Law's  delay"  and  business  interests  making  it  important 
for  Mr.  Fairfax  to  remain  in  England,  he  directed  Washington 
to  dispose  of  his  stock,  farm  fixtures  and  household  effects  at 
public  sale.  After  due  advertisement,  this  was  done  August 
15,  1774.  A  second  sale  at  "  Belvoir"  took  place  December 
5,  177*. 

The  following  bill  of  household  effects  bought  at  this  first 
sale  at  Belvoir  by  George  Washington  has*  been  preserved 
among  his  private  papers  and  was  in  the  possession  of  one  of  bis 
inheritors,  Lawrence  Washington,  in  January  1891.  The  bill 
in  the  auctioneer's  handwriting  was  folded  and  endorsed  in 
Washington's  known  hand: — "  Articles  bought  bv  G°  Washing 
ton  at  Col°  Fairfax's  Sale  15  August  1774." 

u  Inventory  of  House  Furnishings  bought  by  Col°  George 
Washington  at  Col°  Fairfax's  Sale  at  Belvoir  15  'August  1774. 

£  s.   d. 

Gilbert  Simpson's  5  Bott.  or  Pickle  Pots 7     6 

2  Potts  from  Lawson  Parker     do         do 2 

6  Pickle  Potts  different  sizes 4     6 

2  Doz.  mountain  wine 1  4 

4  Chariot  Glasses  frames 12     6 

Irons  for  a  boat  canopy  with  tiller 12     6 

12  Pewter  Water  Plates 1  6 

1  Mahogany  Shaving  Desk 4 

1  Settee-bed  and  furnature 13 

4  Mahog'y  chairs 4 

1  Chamber  Carpet 1  1 

1  Oval  Glass  with  guilt  frame  in  the  Green  room. .  4  5 

1  Mahog'y  chest  and  drawers  in  Mrs  Fx  chamber. .  12  10 

1  Mahog'y  Side  Board 12  5 

1  Mahog'y  Cistern  &  stand 4 

1  Mahog'y  voider  a  dish  tray  &  a  knife  tray 1  10 

1  Japan  Bread  tray 7 

12  Chairs  &  3  window  curtains  from  ye  dining  room.  31 

1  Looking  glass  &  Guilt  Frame 13  5 

2  Candlesticks  &  a  bust  of  the  Imortal  Shakespere. .  1  6 

3  floor  carpets  in  the  gent's  room 3  5 

1  Large  carpet 11 

1  Mahog'y  wash  Desk  bottle  &c 1     2     6 


Journal.  1 7 

£    s.   d. 

1  Mahog'y  Close  Stool  —  part  broke. 1  10 

2  Matrasses 4  10 

1  Pair  andirons,  tongues,  fender  &  shovel 310 

1  Pair        do             "              "       "       " 3  17     6 

1  Pair        do                             u       "       "     1  IT     6 

1  Pair  Dogirons  in  Great  Kitchen 3 

1  Pot  Kache         "       "             "       4 

A  Roasting  Fork 2     6 

A  Plate  Basket 3 

1  Mahog'y  Spider  make  tea  table 1  11 

1  Old  Skreen 10 

1  Carpet 2  15 

1  Pair  Bellows  &  Brush 11 

2  Window  Curtins 2 

1  Large  Marble  Morter 1     1 

1  Pot  Kache  in  the  cellar ...    1     7     6 

2  Mahog'y  Card  Tables 4 

A  bed  a  pair  of  blankets  &  19  quilts  or  coverlets  Pil 
lows  Bolsters  &c  1  Mahog  y  card  Table  for  Col°  Lee  11 


£169.12.6 

The  following  admirable  description  of  the  estate  is  taken 
from  an  advertisement  in  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette  of  Phila 
delphia,  October  19,  1774: 

"  To    BE    RENTED    FROM     YEAR   TO    YEAR,    OR   FOR   A   TERM     OF 

"YEARS, —  Belvoir,  the  beautiful  seat  of  the  Honorable  Geo. 
"  W.  Fairfax,  Esq.,  upon  the  Potomac  river,  in  Fairfax  county, 
"  about  14  miles  below  Alexandria. 

"  The  mansion  is  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  with  four  con- 
"  venient  rooms,  and  a  large  passage  on  the  lower  floor ;  five 
"  rooms  and  a  large  passage  on  the  second ;  servants'  hall  and 
"cellar  below;  convenient  to  it  are  offices,  stables  and  coach- 
"  house ;  adjacent  is  a  large  and  well  furnished  garden  stored 
"  with  a  great  variety  of  fruits,  all  in  good  order. 

"  Appertaining  to  the  tract  on  which  these  houses  stand  and 
"  which  contains  near  2,000  acres  (surrounded  in  a  manner  by 
"navigable  water),  are  several  valuable  fisheries  and  a  good  deal 
"  of  clear  land  in  different  parts  which  may  be  let  all  together 
"  or  separately  as  shall  be  found  most  convenient. 
3 


1 8  JoiirnaL 

"  The  terms  may  be  known  of  Colonel  Washington  who'iives 
"near  the  premises,  or  of  me  in  Berkeley  county. 

"  FKANCIS  WILLIS,  Junior." 

The  estate  was  leased  to  the  Rev.  Andrew  Morton  fora  term 
of  seven  ye.irs.  Unfortunately  the  mansion  was  destroyed  by 
tire  only  a  few  years  later.  The  owner's  long  absence,  and  the 
fact  that  then1  was  no  house  to  invite  a  careful  tenant,  together 
with  the  excitement  and  derangement  of  business  incident  to 
the  war  for  independence,  caused  the  estate  rapidly  to  depre 
ciate  in  value.  Early  in  1775  Washington  relinquished  the 
agency  of  George  \V.  Fairfax's  business  in  America,  as  his  time 
was  fully  taken  up  in  directing  the  momentous  affairs  of  the 
Revolution. 

3  George  William  Fairfax,  eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  William 
Fairfax,  of  "  Belvoir,"  Va.,  was  born  in  Nassau,  Xevv  Provi 
dence,  West  Indies,  in  1724.  His  father  having  been  appointed 
to  the  custom  house  in  Salem,  Massachusetts,  he  was  taken  to 
that  to\vn  and  resided  there  until  1734,  about  which  time  his 
father  accepted  the  agency  of  Lord  Fairfax's  lands  in  Virginia, 
and  removed  to  that  province.  For  a  time  lie  resided  in  West 
moreland  county,  Va,,  but  after  a  couple  of  years  he  settled 
upon  and  developed  the  "  Belvoir"  estate  on  the  Potomac  river. 
George  William  Fairfax  was  educated  in  England,  and  coming 
to  his  majority  settled  at  "Belvoir,"  and  married  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Col.  Wilson  Gary,  of  Hampton,  Va.,  who  some 
writers,  on  rather  apocryphal  testimony,  endeavor  to  show  was 
an  object  of  Washington's  ardent  devotion  when  a  mere  youth. 
The  same  compliment  has  also  been  claimed  for  her  sister  Mary, 
who  married  Edward  Ambler,  and  for  other  belles  of  that 
period  in  Virginia,  as  well  as  in  some  of  the  other  colonies. 
George  W.  Fairfax,  after  his  marriage,  resided  part  of  the  time 
at  "Belvoir,"  and  part  at  "  Green  way  Court,"  as  agent  of  Lord 
Fairfax,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  he  owned  and  cultivated 
lands.  On  his  father's  death  in  1757  he  inherited  "Belvoir," 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  the  summer  of  1773,  when, 
accompanied  by  his  wife,  he  went  to  England  to  look  after 
some  property  he  had  inherited  there.  The  proprietors  of 
"  Belvoir"  and  "  Mount  Vernon  "  and  their  families  were  al 
ways  on  the  most  friendly  terms,  as  the  letters  extant  of  each 
attest,  and  Washington's  diaries  fully  confirm.  Mr.  Fairfax 


Journal.  1 9 

favored  the  early  protests  by  the  colonies  and  petitions  to  the 
king  in  the  interests  of  the  colonies,  but  opposed  measures  look 
ing  to  forcible  resistance.  Washington  consented  to  act  as  his 
agent  while  he  was  absent,  presuming  his  stay  in  England  would 
be  of  short  duration.  But  a  complication  of  matters  detained 
him  abroad  so  that  he  instructed  his  agent  to  sell  off  his  stock 
at  u  Belvoir"  and  lease  the  property.  A  sale  was  accordingly 
held  on  the  estate  in  August,  1774,  which  continued  two  days. 
A  second  and  further  sale  was  held  in  December  the  same 
year.  The  property  was  leased  in  1774  for  seven  years,  but 
shortly  after  this  the  mansion  house  was  burned  down  and  never 
rebuilt.  During  the  Revolutionary  war  some  of  Mr.  Fairfax's 
property  in  Fairfax  county  was  escheated  to  the  state.  His  loss 
of  income  from  America  led  him  to  limit  his  expense,  he  there 
fore  removed  from  Yorkshire  to  Bath  and  lived  in  a  modest 
way,  dividing  generously,  from  his  limited  means,  with  the 
American  prisoners  of  war  held  in  England.  He  had  no  chil 
dren.  A  friendly  correspondence  was  kept  up  between  him 
and  Washington  to  the  close  of  his  life.  He  was  urged  to  re 
turn  to  America,  but  his  mansion  at  "Belvoir"  having  been  de 
stroyed  by  fire  he  kept  putting  it  off  and  never  returned.  He 
left  "Belvoir"  and  some  other  landed  property  to  Ferdinand, 
son  of  his  half-brother,  Rev.  Bryan  Fairfax,  and  died  at  Bath  in 
England.  April  3, 1787,  and  was  buried  in  Wirthlington  church. 
His  will  appointed  George  Washington  as  one  of  his  executors. 
His  wife  survived  him  until  1812.  Her  remains  were  placed 
by  the  side  of  her  husband's. 

4  George  Neville,  Esq.,  was  among  the  earliest  planters  to 
settle  in  the  western  part  of  Prince  William  county,  Va.  As 
early  as,  or  before  1730.  he  selected  a  large  body  of  desirable 
land  lying  on  the  main  road  by  way  of  Ashby's  Gap  from 
Fredericksburg  to  Winchester.  Here  his  residence  was  beauti 
fully  situated  on  high,  healthy  and  productive  land  near  the 
head  springs  of  Bull  Run,  a>  tributary  of  the  Occoquan  river, 
and  34  miles  from  Fredericksburg,  the  head  of  tide  water  on 
the  Rappahannock  river.  Squire  Neville,  the  proprietor  of  this 
fine  estate,  as  he  was  usually  called,  was  a  man  of  steady  and 
industrious  habits,  possessed  a  fine  constitution,  gentle  in  his 
manners,  and  cultured  in  his  tastes,  enterprising  and  thrifty, 
with  a  genius  for  overcoming  such  difficulties  as  always  beset 


2O  Journal. 

the  path  of  the  pioneer  in  a  new  country.  As  the  lands  to  the 
west  of  him,  and  particularly  those  in  the  Shenandoah  valley 
beyond  the  Blue  Ridge,  began  to  attract  settlers  the  travel  on 
the  road  past  his  house  became  considerable,  and  as  a  matter  of 
accommodation  to  the  public  he  opened  an  ordinary  and  kept 
a  store  for  general  merchandizing.  Neville's  Ordinary  was  a 
land  mark,  and  is  to  be  found  on  Fry  and  Jefferson's  Map  of 
Virginia,  as  well  as  on  Governor  Pownall's  and  other  early  maps 
of  Virginia.  In  1750  Washington  surveyed  for  Mr.  Neville 
400  acres  of  land.  Bv  marriage  George  Neville  was  related  to 
the  Fairfax  family  of  Virginia.  His  wife,  Ann  Burroughs,  was 
a  cousin  to  Lord  Thomas  Fairfax  of  "  Green  way  Court,"  the  pro 
prietor  of  the  Northern  Neck  of  Virginia.  Squire  Neville  and 
his  wife  were  blessed  with  a  numerous  family  of  healthy  sons 
and  daughters,  who  inherited  the  sturdy  virtues  of  their  parents, 
and  who  founded  families  for  themselves,  and  whose  descen 
dants  are  to  be  found  throughout  the  southern  and  western 
states.  Joseph  Neville,  son  of  Geerge,  was  a  prosperous 
planter  in  the  western  part  of  Prince  William  county,  Va.,  in 
1760.  (See  Washington's  Diary.)  He  served  as  a  colonel  in  the 
Revolution,  was  one  of  the  commissioners  for  running  the 
boundary  line  between  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia,  and  was  a 
member  of  Congress  1793-5 ;  died  in  Hardy  county,  Va.,  1819. 
John  Neville,  another  son,  was  colonel  of  the  4th  Virginia 
regiment  in  the  Revolution,  and  brigadier-general  in  the  Penn 
sylvania  militia  at  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia  26  July,  1731.  From  his  youth  he  had  a  fondness  for 
military  affairs  and  served  in  the  Braddock  expedition,  and  also 
in  the  Dunmore  Indian  wrar.  He  and  his  brothers  were  early 
and  life-long  friends  of  General  Washington,  the  acquaintance 
beginning  when  they  were  youths.  At  an  early  date  John 
Neville  took  up  considerable  tracts  of  land  in  Frederick  and 
Augusta  counties,  Va.  He  resided  for  some  years  in  the 
Shenandoah  valley,  being  at  one  time  sheriff  of  Frederick 
county.  He  also  acquired  large  tracts  of  land  on  Cbartier's 
creek  in  Pennsylvania,  and  had  built  himself  a  house  prepara 
tory  to  taking  up  his  residence  there,  when  the  Revolutionary 
war  began,  in  which  he  took  an  active  and  honorable  part. 
This  event  postponed,  for  some  years,  his  removal  with  his 
family  to  Pennsylvania.  On  the  24th  August,  1754,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Winifred  Oldham,  by  whom  he  had  two 


Journal*  2 1 

children,  a  son  and  a  daughter,  Presley  and  Amelia.  Presley 
Neville  married  Nancy,  daughter  of  General  Daniel  Morgan, 
and  they  became  the  progenitors  of  the  large  and  influential 
family  of  Nevilles  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Colonel  Presley  Neville, 
as  he  was  called,  served  in  the  "Revolution  for  three  years  on 
the  staff  of  General  Lafayette.  Amelia  Neville  married  Major 
Isaac  Craig  of  the  Revolution,  and  they  became  the  founders 
of  the  well  known  and  esteemed  family  of  Craigs  of  Pittsburg. 
— Eaglds  Pennsylvania  Genealogies. 

5  Prince  William  county,  Ya.,  formed  in  1780  from  Stafford 
and  King  George  counties,  embraced  territory  extending  from 
the  Potomac  river  on  the  east  to  the  summit  of  the  Blue  Ridge 
on  the  west ;  it  was  divided  from  Loudoun  county  by  the  Oc- 
coquan  and  Bull  Run  streams.     Prior  to  1822  the  county  seat 
was  at  Dumfries,  but  at  that  date  it  was  removed  to  Brentville. 

Saturday  March  12th  this  Morning  Mr  James  Genn 
ye  surveyor6  came  to  us,  we  travel'd  over  ye  Blue 
Ridge7  to  Cap1  Ashbys8  on  Shannondoah  River,9 
Nothing  remarkable  happen'd. 

6  James   Genn,  a  licensed   surveyor  in  Virginia,  much  em 
ployed  by  Lord  Fairfax,  and  frequently   mentioned  by  Wash 
ington,  and   whose  name  often  appears  signed  to  surveys  in 
which  the  latter  was  engaged,  as  the  surveyor  or  director,  is 
doubtless  the  person  to  whom  reference  is  here  made. 

7  Blue  Ridge  —  the  most  easterly  of  the  mountain  ranges  of 
the  United  States.     The  name  properly  restricted  however,  ap 
plies  especially  to  that  portion  of  the  Appalachian  range  south 
of  the  Potomac  river.     In  some  parts  of  Pennsylvania  it   is 
known  as  Kittatinny  and  at  some  places  in  Maryland  as  South 
Mountain.     It  attains  its  greatest  altitude  in  Virginia  at  the 
Peaks  of  Otter,  which  are  about  4,000  feet  above  sea  level. 

8  Capt.  Ashby  resided  on  the  Shenandoah  river  above  Bur- 
well's  island  and  the  great  bend  of  that  stream,  at  which  place 
he  maintained  a  ferry  and  kept  a  house  of  entertainment.     It 
was  on  the  natural  line  by  which  travel  came  from  the  tide 
water  region  of  Virginia,  through  a  gap  in  the  Blue  Ridge  and 
across  the  Shenandoah  valley  to  the  country  beyond.     Being  a 


22  Journal. 

man  of  great  courage  and  usefulness,  lie  was  deservedly  popu 
lar  among  the  early  settlers,  and  his  name  was  given  not  only 
to  his  ordinary  but  also  to  the  gap  and  to  the  ferry.  There 
was,  too,  a  Fort  Ash  by  on  Patterson  creek,  near  the  town  of 
Frankfort.  There  are  numerous  families  bearing  the  name  of 
Ashby  throughout  the  southern  and  western  states,  who  are 
probably  descendants  of  this  famous  pioneer.  General  Turner 
W.  Ashbv,  an  officer  of  distinction  in  the  Confederate  army,  is 
presumably  of  this  family.  The  name  still  attaches  to  the  gap 
in  the  mountains,  but  it  has  been  superseded  at  the  old  ferry. 

0  Sheuandoah  river  —  this  is  the  largest  tributary  of  the  Po 
tomac.  The  name  is  of  Indian  origin,  and  in  the  aboriginal 
language  is  said  to  signify  u  the  daughter  of  the  stars."  Ker- 
cheval,  in  his  History  of  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  says  the  name 
was  first  written  Gerando,  then  Sherandoch,  and  now  we  have 
Shenandoah.  The  river  has  its  head  in  Augusta  county  near 
the  divide  where  the  head-waters  of  the  James  river  take  their 
rise.  The  Shenandoah  flows  for  about  170  miles  through  a 
broad  valley  over  a  limestone  bed  between  the  North  mountain 
on  the  one  side  and  the  Blue  Ridge  on  the  other,  to  the  Poto 
mac  river  at  Harper's  Ferry.  This  valley  was  the  theater  of 
many  important  military  operations  during  the  late  war.  The 
name  of  Sherando  is  perpetuated  in  the  name  of  a  post-office  in 
Augusta  county  011  the  head- waters  of  the  Shenandoah. 

Sunday  March  13  Rode  to  his  Lordships  Quarter10 
about  4  Miles  higher  up  y  River  we  went  through 
most  beautiful  Groves  of  Sugar  Trees  &  spent  y°  best 
part  of  y  Day  in  admiring  ye  Trees  &  richness  of  ye 
Land. 

10  Thomas  Fairfax,  6th  Lord  and  Baron  of  Cameron,  born  in 
England  in  1691,  died  at  his  residence  "  Green  way  Court," 
Frederick  county,  Virginia,  on  the  12th  of  December,  1781. 
His  remains  were  interred  within  the  Episcopal  church  of  Win 
chester,  Va.  His  residence  and  other  improvements  were  fa 
miliarly  called  "Quarters"  and  "Hunting  Lodge,"  chiefly  be 
cause  he  had  in  contemplation  the  erection  of  a  commodious 
mansion.  Lord  Fairfax  was  the  son  of  Thomas,  5th  Lord  Fair- 


Journal.  23 

fax  and  his  wife  Catherine,  daughter  of  Lord  Culpeper,  once 
governor  of  Virginia.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford  and  after 
ward  held  a  commission  in  the  British  army.  Me  was  a  fine 
scholar,  and  is  said  to  have  been  a  contributor  to  The  Spectato/1. 
He  succeeded  to  his  father's  title  and  to  his  mother's  extensive 
landed  estate  known  as  the  "  Northern  Neck  of  Virginia,"  ly 
ing  between  the  Potomac  and  Rappahannock  rivers  and  esti 
mated  at  5,700,000  acres.  For  some  years  after  coming  into 
possession  of  this  property  it  was  left  in  the  hands  of  agents. 
He  finally  employed  his  cousin,  the  Hon.  William  Fairfax,  son 
of  Henry  and  Anne  (Harrison)  Fairfax,  as  his  agent  in  the 
management  of  his  lands.  About  1739  Lord  Fairfax  first 
visited  his  estate  in  America.  For  a  year  he  devoted  himself 
to  becoming  thoroughly  acquainted  with  his  possessions  and 
then  returned  to  England.  Four  years  later,  in  1745,  he  re 
turned  to  this  country  and  for  a  time  made  his  home  at  "  Bel- 
voir,"  the  seat  of  his  relative  and  agent. 

A  branch  office  for  the  sale  of  lands  in  the  valley  of  Virginia, 
had  been  opened  in  Frederick  county  in  1742.  The  main  office 
and  records,  however,  were  not  removed  from  "  Belvoir"  until 
1761. 

Lord  Fairfax  built  for  himself  a  stone  lodge  with  quarters 
for  his  servants,  reserving  around  it  a  manor  of  10,000  acres 
which  lie  called  u  Greenway  Court."  The  lodge  was  about 
twelve  miles  south-east  of  Winchester,  at  which  place  he  pur 
posed  to  build  a  castle,  but  this  was  never  erected.  His  lodge 
was,  however,  sufficiently  spacious  for  him  to  live  in  comfort 
ably,  and  exercise  a  generous  hospitality.  He  possessed  a 
good  library  and  was  frequently  visited  by  men  of  note  whom 
he  entertained  in  an  elegant  manner.  He  was  fond  of  the 
chase  and  took  an  active  interest  in  the  management  of  his 
estate,  as  well  as  in  the  affairs  of  the  colony,  as  his  letters  fully 
prove.  He  identified  himself  with  the  people  as  far  as  was 
practicable,  and  was  deservedly  popular.  He  served  as  lieu 
tenant  of  Frederick  county  in  the  militia  organizations  ;  pre 
sided  as  one  of  the  judges  in  the  county  courts  at  Winchester, 
and  was  an  overseer  of  the  public  roads. 

He  met  at  "Belvoir,"  George  Washington,  when  a  youth, 
and,  pleased  with  his  energy  and  talents,  employed  him  to 
survey  lands  beyond  the  Blue  Ridge,  which  were  to  be  sold. 
This  was  Washington's  first  remunerated  employment.  The 


24  Journal. 

acquaintance  thus  begun,  ripened  into  a  friendship  that  was 
cherished  by  both  through  life. 

Although  a  frank  loyalist,  his  age  and  prudence  in  refraining 
from  all  participation  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle,  protected 
him  from  being  interfered  with  either  by  the  government  or 
by  his  neighbors.  He  died  at  the  age  of  ninety-three,  before 
peace  was  restored.  His  barony  and  its  prerogatives,  according 
to  English  law,  descended,  in  the  absence  of  a  son,  to  his  eldest 
brother,  Robert,  who  thus  became  7th  Lord  Fairfax.  The 
latter  died  in  Leeds  Castle,  England,  1791,  without  a  son. 
The  baronial  title  then  fell  to  the  Rev.  Bryan  Fairfax,  of 
"  Towlston  Hall,"  Fairfax  county,  "Va.,  who  died  7  August, 
1802.  "  The  great  landed  estates  with  their  entails  were,  how 
ever,  in  effect  confiscated  by  the  success  of  the  Revolution. 
The  Legislature  of  Virginia  in  1785  passed  an  act  in  relation  to 
the  "  Northern  Neck"  to  the  following  effect.  "And  be  it 
further  enacted,  that  the  land  holders  within  the  said  district 
of  the  Northern  Neck  shall  be  for  ever  hereafter  exhonorated 
and  discharged  from  composition  and  quit  rents,  any  laws,  cus 
toms  or  usage,  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding."  Revised  Code 
of  the  Laws  of  Virginia,  vol.  1,  p.  351,  2,  3.  "  Greenway  Court " 
was  devised  by  his  lordship  to  his  nephew,  Rev.  Denny  Martin, 
residing  in  England,  on  condition  of  his  obtaining  the  consent  of 
Parliament  to  change  his  name  to  Fairfax.  This  was  done,  and 
he  was  afterward  known  as  "  Denny,  Lord  Fairfax."  Like  his 
uncle,  he  left  no  children  and  therefore  bequeathed  the  estate  to 
two  maiden  sisters  in  England.  The  legatees  of  the  Fairfax 
estate  sold  their  interest  to  Chief  Justice  John  Marshall, 
Raleigh  Colston,  Esq.  and  General  Henry  Lee.  They  divided 
it  up  and  sold  it  out  in  small  farms,  and  quieted  the  titles.  It 
is  believed  that  no  part  of  this  vast  body  of  Fairfax  land  is  now 
held  by  any  member  of  the  family. —  Sparks,  Drake  and 
others. 

Monday  14th  We  sent  our  Baggage  to  Cap1  Hites11 
(near  Frederick  Town)12  went  ourselves  down  ye  River 
about  1 6  Miles  to  Cap1  Isaac  Penningtons  (the  Land 
exceeding  Rich  &  Fertile  all  ye  way  produces 
abundance  of  Grain  Hemp  Tobacco  &ca)  in  order 


Journal.  25 

to    Lay   of   some    Lands  on  Gates  Marsh  &  Long 
Marsh.13 

11  Capt.  Joist  Hite  came  to  Virginia  from  Pennsylvania  in 
1732  with  his  family,  settled  on  the  Opequan  creek  about  five 
miles  south  of  the  town  of  Winchester.     The  year  before  he 
had  bought  from  John  and  Isaac  Yan  Meter  a  warrant  for 
nearly  40,000  acres  of  land  in  the  Shenandoah  valley  which 
they  had  obtained  from  Governor  Gooch  of  Virginia  in  1730. 
Capt.    Hite   brought   with   him   from    Pennsylvania   sixteen 
families,  all  of  whom  settled  in  the  same  vicinity  on  fine  arable 
ground.     They  were  all  judges  of  good  lands  and  devoted  to 
agriculture.     The   descendants   of  Hite   are   quite  numerous 
throughout  the  southern  and  south-western  states,  and  many 
farms  in  the  valley  are  still  held  under  titles  derived  from  him. 
Kercheval  says,  Joist  Hite  built  a  stone  house  on  the  Opec- 
quan  shortly  after  his  coming  to  the  valley.     It  is  still  standing 
and  has  a  very  ancient  appearance  though  there  are  no  discov 
erable  marks  to  fix  the  date.     On  the  wall  plate  of  a  frame 
barn,  however,  built  by  Hite,  the  figures  "  1747  "  are  plainly 
marked  and  can  still  be  read. 

12  «  Frederick  Town,"  properly  Winchester,  is  the  capital  of 
Frederick  county,  Va.     The  latter  was  formed  out  of  Orange 
county  by  Act  of  Assembly  of  Virginia  in  1738,  at  the  same 
time  that  Augusta  county  was  formed.    The  choice  of  this  site 
for  the  capital  of  the  county  was  determined  by  the  simple  fact 
that  a  few  hardy,  adventurous  Indian  traders,  as  early  as  1732 
or  even  before  that  date,  had  built  themselves  cabins  at  this 
point  known  as  the  "  Big  Shawane  Springs."     These  settlers 
gradually  attracted  others  until  a  village  was  developed.     This 
spring  or  one  near  it,  an  example  of  the  great  springs  which  are 
to  be  found  in  most  limestone  regions,  furnishes  the  town  of 
Winchester,  to  the  present  time,  with  an  abundant  supply  of 
pure  potable  water.    The  site  of  the  town  was,  all  things  consid 
ered,  well  chosen,  in  a  fertile  region  and  on  the  line  of  travel, 
whether  across  the  valley  to  the  Alleghany  mountains  and  the 
waters  of  the  Ohio  river  beyond,  or  along  the  great  valley  of 
the  Shenandoah.     James  Wood  was  the  projector  of  the  town 
of  Winchester,  which  was  incorporated  in  1752  by  the  Assem 
bly  of  Virginia.     However,  twenty- six  lots  had  been  laid  out 

4 


26  Journal. 

and  sold  by  James  Wood  prior  to  this.  Lord  Fairfax 
shortly  after  this  date  made  an  addition  to  the  town,  and  do 
nated  the  ground  for  an  Episcopal  church.  Frederick  county 
early  took  measures  to  give  protection  to  its  settlers  by  building 
forts,  making  roads  and  establishing  ferries.  Its  productive  soil 
at  the  same  time  bountifully  rewarded  the  husbandman  for  his 
labor.  As  the  Frederick  county  courts  were  held  at  Winches 
ter,  the  people  adopted  the  southern  habit  of  calling  the  place 
where  the  courts  met  by  the  name  of  the  county,  thus  it  was 
frequently  spoken  of  as  Frederick  Town  and  is  so  designated 
in  several  of  the  early  maps.  Fort  Loudoun  was  erected  here 
by  direction  of  the  Assembly  of  Virginia  in  1756,  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  Major  Washington. 

13  Gate's  marsh  and  Long  marsh  —  these  are  names  of  small 
streams  which  flow  from  the  foot  hill  of  North  mountain  to 
the  Shenandoah  river  and  have  along  their  course  considerable 
meadow  or  marshy  land.     Long  marsh  is  of  sufficient  import 
ance  to  be  named  upon  the  maps  of  Virginia. 

Tuesday  15th  We  set  out  early  with  Intent  to  Run 
round  ye  sd  Land  but  being  taken  in  a  Rain  &  it  In 
creasing  very  fast  obliged  us  to  return,  it  clearing  about 
one  oClock  &  our  time  being  too  Precious  to  Loose 
we  a  second  time  ventured  out  &  Worked  hard  till 
Night  &  then  return'd  to  Penningtons  we  got  our 
Suppers  &  was  Lighted  into  a  Room  &  I  not  being 
so  good  a  Woodsman  as  ye  rest  of  my  Company 
striped  myself  very  orderly  &  went  in  to  ye  Bed  as 
they  called  it  when  to  my  Surprize  I  found  it  to  be 
nothing  but  a  Little  Straw  —  Matted  together  without 
Sheets  or  any  thing  else  but  only  one  thread  Bear 
blanket  with  double  its  Weight  of  Vermin  such  as 
Lice  Fleas  &c14  I  was  glad  to  get  up  (as  soon  as  y 

14  For  comments   on    fleas   and   other   vermin  see  note  4. 
Washington's  "  Rules  of  Civility  and  Decent  Behaviour,"  p.  14, 


Journal.  2  7 

Washington's  association  with  frontiersmen  in  their  primitive 
cabins,  which  the  position  of  a  surveyor  in  the  then  almost 
unbroken  forest  necessitated,  was  to  him  a  new  and  peculiar 
experience.  His  observations  and  reflections  of  the  first  few 
days  are  recorded  with  a  naivete  which  is  truly  charming. 

Light  was  carried  from  us)  I  put  on  my  Cloths  & 
Lays  as  my  Companions.  Had  we  not  have  been  very 
tired  I  am  sure  we  should  not  have  slep'd  much  that 
night  I  made  a  Promise  not  to  Sleep  so  from  that 
time  forward  chusing  rather  to  sleep  in  y.  open  Air 
before  a  fire  as  will  appear  hereafter. 

March  y.  15th  1747-8  Survey'd  for  George  Fairfax 
Esqr.  a  Tract  of  Land  lying  on  Cates  Marsh  and  Long 
Marsh  Begining  at  three  Red  Oaks  Fx  on  a  Ridge 
the  N°  Side  a  Spring  Branch  being  corner  to  ye  623 
Acre  Tract  &  Extending  thence  N°  30°  El  436  poles  to 
a  Large  Hickory  and  Red  Oak  Fx  near  John  Cozines 
house  thence  N°  60°  Wl  90  Poles  to  a  Large  White  Oak 
Fx  thence  N°  7°  Et  365  poles  to  Long  Marsh  420  poles 
to  2  Red  Oaks  and  W:  Oak  in  a  Poyson'd  field15  by  a 

15  This  probably  has  reference  to  some  pernicious  weeds  un 
favorable  to  tillage  and  injurious  to  grazing  animals,  as  St. 
John's  wort.  Farmers  believe  that  this,  and  certain  other 
noxious  weeds  which  occasionally  invade  pasture  fields,  cause 
sore  mouths  and  legs  in  horses  and  horned  cattle  and  affect  the 
milk  of  cows  grazing  where  it  grows. 

Road  thence  N°  65°  Wfc  134  Poles  to  a  W:  Oak  by 
ye  sd  Marsh  thence  crossing  ye  Marsh  S°  20°  Wfc  126 
poles  to  another  Branch:  of  Long  Marsh  218  poles  to 
a  Red  Oak  Fx  thence  N°  80°  Wfc  558  po:  to  a  Large 
Red  Oak  &  White  Oak  Fx  in  a  Valley  thence  S 


28  Journal. 

25°  Wl  144  poles  to  a  Black  Walnut  in  a  Poysond 
Field  by  a  Lime  stone  Rock  thence  S°  33-^°  El  96  to 
a  White  Oak  thence  S°  20  E1  316  po.  to  three  Red 
Oaks  in  a  Bottom  in  Wm  Johnstones  line  thence  with 
Johnstones  S°  80°  El  30  po  to  a  Double  Hickory  Coll0 
Blackburns  corner  114  po  to  3  Hickorys  Johnstones 
corner  &  corner  to  y°  aforesd  623  Acre  Tract  thence 
along  ye  lines  thereof  East  280  poles  to  3  Red  Oaks 
finally  along  another  of  the  lines  thereof  S  15°  El  262 
po.  to  ye  beginning 

HENRY  ASHBY 


r^  i  Chainmen. 

RICHARD  TAYLOR 

ROBERT  ASHBY  Marker. 
WM  LINDSY  Pilot. 

Wednesday  i6th  We  set  out  early  &  finish'd  about 
one  oClock  &  then  Travell'd  up  to  Frederick  Town 
where  our  Baggage  came  to  us  we  cleaned  ourselves 
(to  get  Rid  of  y.  Game16  we  had  catched  y.  Night 
before)  &  took  a  Review  of  y.  Town  &  thence  re- 
turn'd  to  our  Lodgings  where  we  had  a  good  Dinner 
prepar'd  for  us  Wine  &  Rum  Punch17  in  Plenty  &  a 

16  This  facetious  term  "  game,"  referring  to  his  misfortune 
the  first  night  lie  lodged  in  the  valley,  lias  a  touch  of  humor  in 
it;  and  while  it  is  true  that  Washington  was  not  given  to  pun 
ning  or  indulging  in  witticisms,  he  was  not  deficient  in  imagin 
ation  or  unappreciative  of  the  exercise  of  this  talent  on  suitable 
occasions  by  others.     He  knew  that  good  humor  minimized 
most  of  the  petty  annoyances  of  life. 

17  The  office  and  art  of  the  surveyor  were  held  in  high  esteem 
by  the  early  settlers.     It  is,  therefore,  not  surprising  that  the 
people  for  whom  surveys  were  executed,  made  special  efforts  to 
give  the  surveying  parties  good  dinners,  even  going  so  far  as  to 


Journal.  29 

set  before  them  "  wine  and  rum  punch."  I  may  add  here  that 
there  is  neither  tradition  nor  record  that  Washington  was  ever 
known  to  have  been  indiscreet  from  youth  to  age  in  the  use  of 
wine  or  strong  drinks. 

good  Feather  Bed18  with  clean  Sheets  which  was  a 
very  agreeable  regale. 

Thursday  1 7th  Rain'd  till  Ten  oClock  &  then  clear 
ing  we  reached  as  far  as  Major  Campbells  one  of 
there  Burgesses  about  25  Miles  from  Town,  nothing 
Remarkable  this  day  nor  Night  but  that  we  had  a 
Tolerable  good  Bed  lay  on. 

Fryday  i8th  We  Travell'd  up  about  35  Miles  to 
Thomas  Barwicks  on  Potomack19  where  we  found  y. 
River  so  excessively  high  by  Reason  of  y.  Great 

18  Feather  beds,  a  great  luxury  in  former  times,  have  nearly 
gone  out  of  use  among  well-to-do  people.     By  the  wealthy,  as 
well  as  by  the  laborers,  they  were  once  a  greatly  prized  comfort 
and  often  devised   by  will  as    valuable   inheritances.     Hair, 
cotton  and  spring  mattresses  have  displaced  them  from  popular 
favor,  but  "clean  sheets"  belong  to  the  category  of  comforts 
in  even  early  times  and  must  be  a  delight  and  joy  forever. 

19  Cohongoruton  —  the  Indian  name  by  which  the  Potomac 
river  was  known  to  the  Six  Nations  and  other  tribes  of  Indians. 
From  its  head-waters,  to  Point  Lookout  in  the  Chesapeake 
bay,  this  stream   is  the  dividing  line  between  Maryland  and 
Virginia. 

Rains  that  had  fallen  up  about  y.  Allegany  Mountains 
as  they  told  us  which  was  then  bringing  down  y. 
melted  Snow  &  that  it  would  not  be  fordable  for 
severall  Days  it  was  then  above  Six  foot  Higher  than 
usual  &  was  rising  we  agreed  to  stay  till  Monday  we 
this  day  call'd  to  see  y.  Fam'd  Warm  Springs20  we 

20  The  "  Warm  Springs,"  now  known  as  "  Bath  "  or  "Berke 
ley  Springs,"  were  already  famed,  as  Washington   notes,   in 


30  Journal. 

1747.  They  were  deservedly  popular  for  many  years,  but  their 
remoteness  and  the  difficulty  of  access  to  them,  with  the  com 
petition  of  other  resorts  more  easily  reached,  prevented  their 
receiving  the  attention  which  the  value  of  their  waters  merited. 
A  settlement  sprang  up  about  the  springs  at  an  early  date, 
which  finally  became  a  prosperous  village  under  the  name  of 
Bath,  and  was  made  the  county  seat  when,  in  1820,  the  county 
of  Morgan  was  formed.  Washington  bought  lots  here,  built  a 
cottage  and  stables,  and  passed  summers  here  with  his  family. 
His  half-brother,  Lawrence,  spent  nearly  a  year  at  the  springs 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health  before  going  to  England  and  later 
to  Barbadoes.  The  property-right  in  the  springs  is  in  the  state 
of  Virginia,  and  is  held  for  the  benefit  of  the  public. 


camped  out  in  y.  field  this  Night  Nothing  Remark 
able  happen'd  till  sonday  y.  2Oth 

Sonday  2oth  finding  y.  River  not  much  abated  we  in 
y.  Evening  Swam  our  horses  over  &  carried  them  to 
Charles  Polks  in  Maryland  for  Pasturage  till  y.  next 
Morning. 

Monday  2ist  We  went  over  in  a  Canoe  &  Travell'd 
up  Maryland  side  all  y.  Day  in  a  Continued  Rain  to 
Coll0  Cresaps21  right  against  y.  Mouth  of  y.  South 
Branch22  about  40  Miles  from  Polks  I  believe  y.  worst 
Road  that  ever  was  trod  by  Man  or  Beast. 

21  Cresap,  Col.  Thomas,  the  founder  of  the  family  in  Amer 
ica,  was  born  in  Skipton,  Yorkshire,  England,  and  at  the  age 
of  about  fifteen  came  to  America.  Some  five  years  later  he 
resided  at  Havre-de-Grace,  Md.,  where  he  married  a  Miss  John 
son.  Removing  thence  to  Wright's  Ferry,  opposite  the  town 
of  Columbia,  where  he  obtained  a  Maryland  title  to  a  500  acre 
tract  of  land  called  "  Peach  Bottom,"  and  built  himself  a  small 
stone  house.  The  land,  however,  was  on  disputed  territory, 
and  claimants  under  the  laws  of  Pennsylvania  finally  dispos 
sessed  him.  His  next  move  was  to  a  locality  in  what  is  now 
Washington  county,  Md.,  where  he  located  and  settled  upon  a 


Journal.  3 1 

tract  of  1,400  acres  on  the  Antietam  creek,  called  "  Long 
Meadows,"  and  began  trading  with  the  Indians.  After  col 
lecting  a  large  lot  of  furs  and  skins  he  shipped  them  t  to  Eng 
land  but  was  financially  ruined  through  the  capture  of  the  ves 
sel  by  the  French.  Unable  to  repay  money  he  had  borrowed 
from  Mr.  Dulany,  of  Maryland,  he  gave  up  to  him  his  land, 
and  moved  farther  west,  built  a  cabin  a  few  miles  above  the 
junction  of  the  north  and  south  branches  of  the  Potomac,  on 
the  Maryland  side,  at  a  place  which  became  known  as  "  Old 
Town,"  but  which  he  called  Skipton,  the  name  of  his  York 
shire  birthplace.  This  frontier  spot  became  his  permanent 
residence,  where  he  eventually  owned  a  large  body  of  land  on 
both  sides  of  the  Potomac.  From  his  familiarity  with  the  In 
dians  and  their  habits  and  character,  he  was  enabled  to  carry 
on  with  great  advantage  his  trade  with  them  and  in  time  be 
came  the  most  important  frontiersman  of  his  day  in  Maryland. 
He  took  part  with  the  Washingtons,  Lee,  Mason  and  others  in 
the  formation  and  early  operations  of  "  The  Ohio  Company," 
and  in  all  matters  of  dealing  with  the  Indians  and  prospecting 
for  wild  lands  was  the  Company's  chief  dependence.  With 
the  aid  of  Namacolin,  a  noted  Indian  hunter,  he  laid  out  the 
first  road  over  the  Alleghany  mountains  to  the  head-waters  of 
the  Ohio.  Gen.  Braddock's  expedition,  and  later  the  National 
road,  followed  nearly  the  same  route.  The  attention  attracted 
to  the  Ohio  region  through  this  Company's  explorations,  made 
it  increasingly  important  to  both  England  and  France  to  pos 
sess  and  control  the  lands  beyond  the  Ohio.  This  vigilance 
precipitated  the  war  that  drove  out  the  French  and  secured  to 
England  and  America  the  vast  dominion  known  as  the  North 
west. 

Col.  Cresap's  literary  acquirements  were  small,  but  he  had  a 
vigorous  mind,  strong  common  sense,  and  was  not  deficient 
in  practical  self-education.  He  was  one  of  the  surveyors  of 
Prince  George's  county  which,  at  that  period,  embraced  all  the 
western  part  of  Maryland.  January  1,  1745,  he  surveyed  for 
Gov.  Thomas  Bladen  "  Walnut  Bottom  "  just  below  the  mouth 
of  Wills  creek.  He  frequently  represented  his  county  in  the 
Legislature  and  being  noted  for  his  clear  understanding,  sound 
judgment,  firmness  and  courage,  was  esteemed  one  of  the  best 
legislators  his  county  ever  had.  He  was  of  medium  stature, 
firmly  set,  of  sound  constitution,  and  lived  to  the  uncommon 


3  2  Journal. 

age  of  105  or  106.  He  was  twice  married,  the  second  time  at 
the  age  of  80  ;  by  his  first  wife  he  had  five  children ;  three 
sons,  Daniel,  Thomas  and  Michael,  and  two  daughters,  Sarah 
and  Elizabeth.  Captain  Michael  Cresap  was  the  person  upon 
whom  Thomas  Jefferson  fixed  the  stigma  of  the  murder  of  the 
relatives  of  Logan.  Jefferson  having  transmitted  the  pathetic 
speech  of  the  Indian  chief  to  the  Abbe  Raynal  as  an  evidence 
of  the  original  power  of  oratory  of  the  aboriginal  American,  it 
is  claimed  more  in  a  spirit  of  literary  conceit  than  of  conviction; 
however  he  failed  during  his  life  to  correct  the  injustice  done 
Cresap,  although  he  was  repeatedly  furnished  with  the  evidence 
exculpating  Cresap  and  fixing  the  barbarous  act  on  one  Great- 
house.  At  his  home,  Col.  Cresap  dispensed,  for  his  time  and 
means,  a  generous  hospitality  to  all  callers,  in  a  region  where, 
as  yet,  no  public  houses  were  to  be  found,  tie  kept  a  big 
kettle  ready  suspended  to  place  a  fire  under,  near  a  spring  for 
the  use  of  the  Indians  who  often  passed  his  place,  and  for  this 
reason  they  designated  him  the  "  Big  Spoon."  Lord  Baltimore 
employed  him  to  run  a  survey  of  the  western  line  of  Mary 
land,  and  to  ascertain  which  of  the  two  branches  of  the  Poto 
mac  was  the  largest.  His  autograph  map  of  this  survey  is  still 
preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  state  of  Maryland. 

22  The  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  of  which  the  Indian 
name  was  Wappotomaka,  rises  in  Pendleton  county,  West  Vir 
ginia,  among  the  spurs  of  the  Alleghany  and  North  mountains, 
and  meets  the  North  Branch  about  20  miles  below  Cumber 
land,  Md.  The  latter  branch  has  been  accepted  as  the  dividing 
line  between  Maryland  and  Virginia,  although  now  known  to 
be  neither  as  long  nor  as  large  as  the  South  Branch.  A  line 
drawn  due  north  from  the  extreme  head-waters  of  the  South 
Branch  would  run  ten  miles  to  the  west  of  a  parallel  line  from 
the  head  springs  of  the  North  Branch,  thus  proving  the  loss  by 
Maryland  of  this  strip  of  territory,  as  well  as  the  region  be 
tween  the  two  branches,  had  the  South  Branch  been  taken  in 
stead  of  the  North  Branch  as  the  main  river  referred  to  in  the 
Royal  Charter,  and  made  the  line  separating  the  contiguous 
colonies.  The  valley  through  which  the  South  Branch  flows 
is  broad  and  its  lands  very  fertile,  causing  them  to  be  much 
sought  after  for  farms  by  the  hardy  pioneers  in  the  early  days 
before  the  Revolution.  It  was  then  familiarly  known  as  the 
" upper  tract"  of  Virginia. 


Journal.  33 

Tuesday  22d  Continued  Rain  and  y.  Freshes  kept 
us  at  Cresaps. 

Wednesday  23d  Rain'd  till  about  two  oClock  & 
Clear'd  when  we  were  agreeably  surpris'd  at  y.  sight 
of  thirty  odd  Indians  coming  from  War  with  only 
one  Scalp23  We  had  some  Liquor  with  us  of  which 
we  gave  them  Part  it  elevating  there  Spirits  put  them 
in  y.  Humour  of  Dauncing  of  whom  we  had  a  War 
Daunce24  there  manner  of  Dauncing  is  as  follows  Viz 
They  clear  a  Large  Circle  &  make  a  Great  Fire  in  y. 
middle  then  seats  themselves  around  it  y.  Speaker 
makes  a  grand  Speech  telling  them  in  what  Manner 
they  are  to  Daunce  after  he  has  finish'd  y.  best 
Dauncer  Jumps  up  as  one  awaked  out  of  a  Sleep  & 
Runs  &  Jumps  about  y.  Ring  in  a  most  cornicle  Man 
ner  he  is  followed  by  y.  Rest  then  begins  there  Mu 
sicians  to  Play  ye  Musick  is  a  Pot  half  of  Water  with 
a  Deerskin  Streched  over  it  as  tight  as  it  can  &  a 
goard  with  with  some  Shott  in  it  to  Rattle  &  a  Piece 
of  an  horses  Tail  tied  to  it  to  make  it  look  fine  y.  one 
keeps  Rattling  and  y.  other  Drumming  all  y.  while  y. 
others  is  Dauncing 

23  Scalp  —  a  term  applied  to  the  tissues  covering  the  human 
head,  and  embracing  all  the  hairy  integuments  and  flattened 
muscles  from  the  back  of  the  skull  to  the  brow  above  the 
eyes.  Taking  the  scalp  of  an  enemy,  living  or  dead,  has  been 
held  from  remote  times  as  a  special  sign  of  victory  and  token 
of  triumph.  The  North  American  Indians,  particularly  during 
the  early  colonial  wars,  took  the  scalps  of  their  enemies,  pre 
serving  and  exhibiting  them  with  savage  pride  and  occasionally 
wearing  them  as  decorations  and  trophies.  The  assembly  of 
Yirginia,  in  1755,  established  a  reward  of  £10  for  every  scalp 
5 


34  Journal. 

of  a  male  Indian  above  the  age  of  twelve  (Hen ing's  Statutes, 
vol.  VI,  p.  551).  In  1757  this  sum  was  raised  to  £15,  and  £30 
more  for  every  scalp  taken  within  the  next  two  years  (Hening, 
VII,  p.  12'2).  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  also  offered  rewards 
for  Indian  scalps. 

24  The  war  dance  of  the  Indians  probably  had  a  significance 
to  their  minds  not  understood  by  civilized  man,  and  was  not  to 
them  the  meaningless  custom  it  seems  to  us.     It  has  frequently 
been  described  and  painted  by  eye-witnesses.     In  1857  Virtue, 
Emmins  &  Co.  copyrighted  a  very  effective  engraving  of  a  war 
dance  in  the  forest,  arranged  from  Washington's  description  of 
it  in  this  journal. 

Fryday  25th  1 748  Nothing  Remarkable  on  thursday 
but  only  being  with  y.  Indians  all  day  so  shall  slip 
it  this  day  left  Cresaps  &  went  up  to  y.  mouth  of 
Patersons  Creek25  &  there  swam  our  Horses  over  got 
over  ourselves  in  a  Canoe  &  traveld  up  y.  following 
Part  of  y.  Day  to  Abram  Johnstones  15  Miles  from 
ye  Mouth  where  we  camped. 

25  Paterson  Creek  rises  in  Hampshire  county,  West  Virginia, 
and  empties  into  the  Potomac  about  twelve  miles  below  Cum 
berland,  Md.    On  the  old  maps  of  Evans,  Hutchins  and  Lewis, 
the  name  is  given  as  Pattison.    There  are  large  tracts  of  good, 
arable  land  along  the  valley  and  bottoms  adjacent  to  this  stream. 
They  began  to  attract  settlements  a  little  before  the  time  Fort 
Cumberland  was  built.    Fort  Ashby  was  also  erected  to  protect 
settlers  along  this  stream. 

Saterday  26  Travelld  up  ye  Creek  to  Solomon 
Hedges  Esqr  one  of  his  Majestys  Justices  of  ye  Peace 
for  ye  County  of  Frederick  where  we  camped  when 
we  came  to  Supper  there  was  neither  a  Cloth  upon 
ye  Table  nor  a  Knife  to  eat  with  but  as  good  luck 
would  have  it  we  had  Knives  of  own.26 
28  Knife  and  fork  at  table. —  Polished  nations  have  usages 


.Journal.  35 

which,  at  first  view,  appear  natural  or  common  to  all  mankind. 
This,  however,  is  not  the  fact.  That  there  was  a  period  in  the 
history  of  our  race  when  the  knife  and  fork  were  unknown  to 
the  furnishings  of  the  table,  cannot  well  be  doubted  ;  and  there 
was  even  a  time  when  the  table  itself  was  not  deemed  an 
essential.  At  the  present  day  the  idea  of  eating  a  meal  at 
table  without  the  accompaniment  of  a  knife  and  fork  would 
excite  disgust ;  their  absence,  however,  in  a  remote  Virginia 
mountain  cabin  in  1747—8  as  here  recorded,  simply  shows  that 
they  had  not  been  provided  nor  deemed  essential  to  the  life  of 
a  hunter,  not  an  ignorance  of  their  use,  as  the  two-pronged, 
iron,  table  fork  was  in  common  use  at  that  period  throughout 
the  settlements  in  all  the  American  colonies.  It  is  nevertheless 
true  that  the  knife  and  fork  now  deemed  so  necessary  at  table, 
are  a  much  more  modern  convenience  than  is  generally  sup 
posed.  The  king  of  Hungary,  Coevinus,  toward  the  close  of 
the  fifteenth  century,  as  related  by  Galeotus  Martius,  ate  his 
meat  with  his  fingers  as  did  all  the  guests  at  table.  In  Italy, 
the  fork  was,  to  a  limited  extent,  in  use  at  this  time  among 
the  nobility.  In  France,  at  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
forks  were  comparatively  new  at  court.  The  use  of  the  table 
fork  is  referred  to  in  "  Washington's  Rules  of  Civility  and 
Decent  Behaviour"  and  in  Hawkins'  Youths'  Companion,  the 
source  of  these  rules  printed  about  1650.  The  knife  is  perhaps 
one  of  the  most  ancient  of  instruments,  it  was  made  of  different 
metals  and  in  a  great  variety  of  forms.  The  table  knife  was, 
however,  contemporary  with  the  fork.  According  to  Chamber- 
lin  it  was  first  made  in  England,  in  1563.  The  use  of  the  fork 
at  table  spread  to  Europe  from  Yenice,  in  Italy.  In  1608  it 
was  brought  to  England  by  Thomas  Coryate  who,  while  travel 
ing,  observed  its  use  in  Italy  and  continued  it  himself  on  his 
return  to  England.  (See  his'  work  entitled  "  Crudities.")  It 
is  rather  disappointing  that  neither  the  Greeks  nor  Romans 
have  even  a  name  for  the  table  fork.  The  flesh  fork,  called 
vreagra,  with  a  long  handle,  for  cooks  to  take  meat  out  of  a 
boiling  pot,  was  known  and  used  by  the  Hebrews  and  the 
Greeks.  But  had  the  table  fork  been  used  by  the  latter  or  by 
the  Romans,  some  specimens  would  have  been  found  among 
those  extensive  ruins  which  have  been  so  carefully  explored  by 
modern  investigators.  It  is  known  that  some  articles  have 
been  found,  the  use  of  which  conjecture  assigns  to  the  table, 


36  Journal. 

but  they  are  not  forks  and  tlie  surmise  is  not  generally  credited. 
The  Chinese,  who  claim  to  have  led  the  rest  of  the  world  in 
most  of  the  economic  inventions,  seem  to  have  overlooked  the 
table  fork  and  do  not  even  now  use  it  in  cutting  or  conveying 
food  to  the  month  but  employ  in  its  stead  the  "chop  sticks" 
which,  it  must  be  said  in  their  praise,  they  use  with  skill  and 
dexterity.  It  should  be  stated  that  large  bronze  forks  were 
used  by  the  Egyptians  in  presenting  offerings  to  the  gods.  It 
is  unpleasant  to  represent  the  tables  of  our  ancestors  of  a  few 
centuries  back  as  without  forks,  yet  this  certainly  was  the  fact. 
The  silver  table  fork,  which  also  had  its  evolution  from  two  to 
four  prongs,  was  first  manufactured  in  1662  by  Heylin. 

The  small  knife,  formerly  worn  by  gentlemen  at  their  girdles, 
was  used  by  them,  not  only  as  a  weapon  of  defense,  but  also 
as  an  article  of  convenience  in  cutting  their  meat.  However, 
the  ancient  custom  of  serving  food  at  table  was  to  have  a  ser 
vant  cut  meats  and  other  food  into  small  morsels  before  dis 
tributing  it  to  guests.  The  wealthy  employed  a  person  whose 
special  duty  it  was  to  carve  the  meats  into  proper  and  conve 
nient  pieces  and  his  was  the  only  knife  in  the  dining  hall. 
When  the  fork  was  first  introduced  into  England,  its  employ 
ment  was  ridiculed  as  an  effeminate  practice,  as  may  be  seen 
in  the  plays  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  and  others  where  the 
persons  using  it  are  referred  to  as  "your  fork-carving-traveler." 

Sunday  2/th  Travell'd  over  to  y.  South  Branch  at 
tended  with  y.  Esqr  to  Henry  Vanmetriss27  in  order 
to  go  about  Intended  Work  of  Lots28 

27  Henry  Van  Metre  or  Meter. —  There  was  a  numerous 
family  of  the  Van  Meters  in  Virginia  and  they  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  in  the  valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  011  the  South 
Branch  and  along  the  upper  Potomac.  Kercheval,  in  his  His 
tory  of  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  says  this  family  came  from  New 
York  and  New  Jersey.  It  is  evident  that  they  were  people  of 
energy  and  thrift,  judges  of  good  land.  At  a  period  antedat 
ing  the  settlements  in  the  valley,  it  is  stated  by  this  historian 
that  a  John  Van  Meter,  a  sort  of  wandering  Indian  trader,  of 
New  York,  accompanied  the  Delaware  Indians  in  a  war  party 
against  the  Catawbas  ;  but  the  Catawbas  anticipating  the  attack, 


Journal.  37 

surprised  and  defeated  the  Delawares  in  a  battle  fought  near 
where  the  present  court-house  of  Pendleton  stands.  John  Van 
Meter  escaped  and  returned  to  New  York,  but  he  was  so  im 
pressed  with  the  beauty  and  fertility  of  the  lands  on  the  South 
Branch  bottom  in  Hardy  county,  that  he  advised  his  sons  to  secure 
lands  and  locate  there.  Of  these  sons,  Isaac  became  a  man  of 
note  and  frequently  represented  Hardy  county  in  the  House  of 
Delegates  of  Virgin  ia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Con 
vention  of  1788  which  ratified  the  Federal  Constitution.  In 
1730,  it  is  a  matter  of  history  that  John  and  Isaac  Van  Metre, 
brothers,  obtained  from  Gov.  Gooch,  of  Virginia,  a  warrant  for 
40,000  acres  of  land  to  be  located  west  of  the  mountains.  This 
warrant,  or  a  part  of  it,  they  sold  to  Joist  Hite.  A.  number  of 
tracts  on  the  original  warrant  were  surveyed  in  the  vicinity  of 
Shepherdstown.  The  name  of  Van  Meter  is  still  frequently  met 
with  throughout  West  Virginia  and  has  its  monument  in  a 
stream  forming  the  north-western  boundary  line  of  Jefferson 
county  and  emptying  into  the  Potomac,  and  named  on  the 
maps  of  Virginia  Van  Meter's  Marsh.  A  controversy  as  to 
the  validity  of  the  Van  Metre  patent  was  raised  in  1738  by 
Lord  Fairfax  and  taken  into  the  courts  for  adjudication.  Lord 
Fairfax  contending  that  his  grants  covered  the  whole  of  the 
western  end  of  the  northern  neck,  while  the  holders  claimed 
that  the  governor,  under  authority  from  the  crown,  had  dispos 
ing  power.  This  conflict  as  to  title  was  a  source  of  much  litiga 
tion,  and  was  not  finally  settled  until  after  the  Revolution, 
when  all  the  parties  to  the  original  suits  were  dead. 

8  Lots. —  This  term,  as  used  by  surveyors,  indicates  portions, 
tracts,  divisions  and  subdivisions  of  land.  Each  survey,  lot  or 
division  when  plotted  is  usually  indicated  by  some  name  or  de 
vice,  as  a  number,  a  letter,  or  a  symbol.  So  that  each  can  then 
be  described  and  referred  to  in  a  deed  or  an  advertisement,  and 
its  location  and  boundaries  be  accurately  and  systematically  de 
fined  and  described  in  a  book  of  land  records. 

Monday  28th:  Travell'd  up  y  Branch  about  30  Miles 
to  Mr  James  Rutlidges29  Horse  Jockey  &  about   70 
Miles  from  ye  Mouth 
29  James  Rutledge. —  Kercheval,  in  his  History  of  the  Valley 


38  Journal. 

of  Virginia,  says  that  prominent  among  the  earliest  settlers  on 
the  South  Branch,  before  the  arrival  of  the  Van  Meters,  were 
the  Howards,  Coburns,  Walkers  and  Rutledgcs. 

Tuesday  2gih  This  Morning  went  out  &  Survey'd 
five  Hundred  Acres  of  Land  &  went  down  to  one 
Michael  Stumps  on  ye  8°  Fork  of  ye  Branch  on  our 
way  Shot  two  Wild  Turkies30 

30  The  wild  turkey. —  This  is  the  largest  and  finest  of  our 
game  birds  and,  although  native  to  North  America,  it  bears  a 
foreign  name  from  the  following  circumstances.  Specimens 
of  the  living  bird,  as  well  as  its  eggs,  were  sent  by  the  early 
Jesuit  missionaries  to  the  old  world  on  Spanish  and  Portuguese 
ships,  entering  Europe  through  Portugal.  It  was  as  yet  un 
named,  and  was  at  first  referred  to  by  writers  of  that  period 
merely  as  the  "  Jesuit  bird."  As  it  became  known,  the  demand 
for  the  stranger  was  supplied  chiefly  from  Turkey  where,  for 
some  reason,  it  thrived  exceedingly  well,  and  in  time  it  came 
to  be  familiarly  spoken  of  as  u  the  turkey."  Gradually  becom 
ing  tame,  and  proving  to  be  quite  prolific,  it  was  recognized  as  a 
great  addition  to  the  luxuries  of  the  table.  Speedily  becoming 
a  favorite  in  every  country  to  which  it  was  taken,  the  great  forests 
and  game  preserves  throughout  Europe  were  gradually  stocked 
with  it  and  it  was  also  raised  as  a  domestic  fowl.  To-day  the 
American  turkey,  derived  as  stated,  is  found  wild  in  all  the 
great  forests  of  the  old  world,  while  the  domesticated  bird  is 
abundantly  raised  everywhere  in  Europe  for  the  markets.  In 
ancient  times,  we  are  told,  the  choicest  game  fowls  brought  to 
a  feast  were  pheasants  and  peacocks.  Emigrants  to  America 
brought  over  with  them  the  domesticated  bird  to  its  native  land, 
but  under  a  borrowed  name.  Washington,  in  his  journal, 
April  7,  1748,  records  the  fact  that  one  of  his  men  that  day 
had  killed  a  wild  turkey  weighing  20  pounds.  The  domesti 
cated  bird,  when  permitted  to  attain  the  age  of  two  or  three 
years,  and  being  well  fed  during  the  winter  months,  often 
readies  the  weight  of  30  pounds  or  more.  As  marking  in  a 
degree  the  devastation  of  the  late  wrar  and  the  enforced  aban 
donment  of  plantations  in  the  section  of  Virginia  adjacent  to 
the  city  of  Washington,  it  is  a  fact  worthy  of  record,  that  in 


Journal.  39 

1876  the  newspapers  chronicled  the  news  that  the  thickets  and 
pine  forests  which  were  grown  up  since  the  armies  left  were 
tenanted  by  wild  deer  and  turkeys ;  foxes,  etc.  And  to  this 
day,  December  25,  1890,  wild  turkeys  are  brought  to  the 
Washington  market  killed  in  Fairfax  county,  Va.,  within  ten 
miles  of  Washington  city. — Gentlemen }s  Magazine. 

March  29th:  1748  Survey'd  for  Mr  James  Rutlidge 
ye  following  a  piece  of  Land  Beginning  at  3  W.  O.  in 
ye  Mannor  Line31  by  a  Path  leading  to  y.  Clay  Lick32 
&  Extending  thence  N°  44°  Wl  164  po.  to  a  White 
Oak  by  a  Drain  at  ye  foot  of  a  Mountain  thence  N° 
46°  E1  487  po.  to  2  White  Oaks  near  a  Branch  call'd 
Clay  Lick  Run  thence  S°  44°  El  164  po.  to  2  W :  O  : 
&  a  Hickory  in  ye  Mannor  line  Finally  along  ye  Man 
nor  line  Reversed  S°  46°  W4  487  po  to  y.  Beginning 

HENRY  ASHBY 

RICHARD  TAYLOR 

WM  DUNCAN  Marker 

31  Manor  line. —  In  colonial  times  there  were  a  number  of 
manors,  or  great  landed  estates,  granted  under  the  then  existing 
Jaws  of  England,  to  persons  of  note  and  quality  in  Virginia  and 
in  some  of  the  other  provinces.  Holders  of  such  estates  enjoyed 
special  rights  and  privileges.  Manors  were  formerly  called 
baronies  and  entitled  the  rightful  possessor  to  lordships,  and 
such  lord  or  baron  was  empowered  to  hold  domestic  courts  for 
redressing  misdemeanors,  nuisances  and  settling  disputes  among 
tenants.  Among  the  manors  of  limited  privileges  in  Virginia 
may  be  enumerated  the  "  manor  of  Green  way  Court,"  with  a 
domain  of  10,000  acres.  The  great  "  manor  of  Leeds,"  which 
has  figured  so  extensively  in  the  courts  of  Virginia,  contained 
150,000  acres  within  the  counties  of  Culpeper,  Fauquier  and 
Frederick.  The  "South  Branch  manor,"  in  Hardy  county, 
embraced  55,000  acres ;  "  Paterson  Creek  manor,"  in  Hamp 
shire  county,  9,000  acres;  and  "  Goony  Run  manor,"  adjoining 
that  of  Leeds  and  lying  chiefly  in  Shenandoah  county,  13,000 


>-  Chainmen 


4-O  Journal. 

acres.  "  Beverley's  manor,"  for  the  most  part  in  Augusta 
county,  consisted  of  118,411  acres,  and  "Fairfax  manor,"  in 
Hampshire,  of  10,000  acres.  There  were  still  other  manors  in 
different  parts  of  the  state.  In  New  York  under  the  Dutch 
government  the  baron  or  proprietor  of  the  manor  lands  was 
called  the  patroon. 

12  Clay  lick. —  Names  of  places  or  streams  with  the  word  lick 
either  prefixed  or  affixed  to  them,  such  as  "  Salt  lick,"  "  Blue 
lick,"  "Grass  lick."  "Licking  creek,"  etc.,  were  usually  given 
in  consequence  of  the  presence  of  some  saline  matter  in  the 
springs,  streams  or  soil  which  attracted  the  wild  animals  and 
caused  them  to  lick  for  the  salt.  Hunters  in  new  settlements 
often  built  what  they  called  blinds  near  these  licks  in  which  to 
conceal  themselves,  and  waited  there  for  the  game  to  come,  as 
they  were  pretty  sure  to  do,  almost  daily,  and  at  times  in  con 
siderable  numbers,  when  they  could  be  readily  killed. 

Wednesday  3Oth  This  Morning  began  our  Intended 
Business  of  Laying  of  Lots  we  began  at  ye  Boundary 
Line  of  ye  Northern  10  Miles  above  Stumps  &  run 
of  two  Lots  &  returnd  to  Stumps 

The  Courses  &  Distances  of  ye  Several  Lots  lay'd 
of  on  ye  S°  Fork  of  Wappacomo33  Began  March  3oth. 
1748  ' 

33  "  Wappacomo,"  also  spelled  "  Wappatomaka,"  was  the 
Indian  name  for  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac.  This 
stream  courses  through  a  fine  valley  from  its  head-springs  in 
Pendleton  county,  and  has  many  considerable  branches  rising 
among  the  spurs  of  the  Alleghany  mountains  on  the  one  side 
and  the  North  or  Cacapehon  (Capon)  mountain  on  the  other, 
the  latter  separating  it  from  the  valley  of  Virginia  on  the  east. 
The  great  or  most  noted  fork  of  the  South  Branch  is  at  More- 
field  in  Hardy  county.  Washington  surveyed  much  of  the 
land  in  that  section.  The  young  farmers  seeking  good  lands 
had  come  in  taken  up  considerable  tracts  and  built  improve 
ments  before  surveys  were  made  or  any  effort  to  prove  rights 
from  either  Lord  Fairfax  or  the  governor  of  Virginia. 


Journal.  4 1 

Lot  ye  Ist  Peter  Reeds  Begins  at  a  Box  Oak  & 
Hickory  F  in  y.  Boundary  line  about  20  po.  above  a 
Large  Spring  on  ye  West  side  ye  Fork  in  a  Hollow  of 
ye  Mountains  and  extending  thence  N°  65°  Et  320  Po. 
to  a  White  O:  and  Hickory  on  ye  Mountain  side 
thence  S°  60°  El  300  Po:  Crossing  ye  Fork  at  106  P: 
to  2  Spanish  Oaks  and  W:  O  on  ye  Top  of  a  Hill 
thence  S°  65  W1  96  to  a  White  Oak  on  ye  Top  of  a 
Hill  thence  S°  45  Wfc  114  po.  to  a  W:  O  on  a  Run 
thence  S°  13  W1  148  to  a  Pine  thence  S  45°  W1  28 
po.  to  2  R  =  O:  bushes  in  ye  Boundary  line  thence 
along  y.  same  to  ye  Beginning 

Lot  the  2d  Begins  at  a  W:  O  &  Hickory  on  a 
Mountain  side  Corner  to  Lot  ye  Ist  extending  ye  Line 
S°  60°  Efc  300  po.  to  2  Spanish  Oaks  and  W:  O  on  a 
Hill  thence  N°  30'  Efc  2i4po  to  2  W:  O  near  a  Branch 
thence  N°  60°  W1  244  po  to  y.  S°  Fork  300  po.  to  a 
Ledge  of  Rocks  on  a  Mountain  side  thence  S°  30  Wfc 
214  to  ye  Beginning. 

Thursday  3  Ist  Early  this  Morning  one  of  our  Men 
went  out  with  ye  Gun  &  soon  Returnd  with  two  Wild 
Turkies  we  then  went  to  our  Business  run  of  three 
Lots  &  returnd  to  our  Camping  place  at  Stumps 

March  3ist 

Lot  the  3d  Begins  at   Ledge  of  Rocks  corner  to 

Lot  2d  extendth  thence  along  ye  sd  line  S°  60  E*  300 

po  to  2  W:  O  near  a  Branch  thence  N°  30  Ei  2i4po 

to  a  Pine  on  a  Hillside  near  a  Run  thence  N°  60°  W1 

6 


42  Journal. 

78  to  y.  Bottom  Ground  202*  po.  to  ye  River  and  244 
po.  to  a  Pine  by  a  Rock  on  y.  Mountain  side  thence 
to  ye  Beginning  S.  30  Wl  224  P. 

Lot  4th  this  Lot  survey'd  myself  Beginning  at  a 
Pine  by  a  Rock  on  a  mountain  side  Corner  to  Lot  3d 
&  Running  the  sd  line  S°  60°  244  Poles  to  a  Pine  on 
a  Hill  side  near  a  Run  thence  N°  30°  Ei  262  P°  to  2 
Chesnut  Oaks  and  a  Pine  thence  N°  60°  Wl  98  Pole 
to  ye  Low  Grounds  164  to  ye  Fork  and  244  P.  to  a  R: 
O  on  a  Rock  thence  S°  30  Wfc  262  Po  to  y.  Beginning 

Lot  5th  Begins  at  a  Red  O  on  a  Rock  Corner  to 
Lot  4th  &  extendeth  thence  S°  60  El  244  Poles  to  2 
Chesnut  Oaks  &  a  Pine  thence  N°  30  El  262  Po.  to 
a  W:  O  by  a  Run  thence  N°  60  Wfc  154  po  to  an  ash 
1 08  po  to  ye  Fork  thence  N°  86  Wfc  38  xing  ye  Fork 
78  xing  it  again  and  100  Po:  to  a  R:  O  on  ye  moun 
tain  Side  thence  S  30  Wl  262  Po  to  ye  Begg 

[April  ist] 

Lot  ye  6th  Anthony  Regar  Begins  at  a  Red  Oak 
on  a  Mountain  side  Corner  to  Lot  ye  5th  and  extend 
ing  thence  along  ye  sd  Line  S°  86  E1  100  po.  to  an 
Ash  thence  with  another  of  ye  sd  lines  S°  60  Et  154 
po:  to  a  white  Oak  by  a  Run  thence  N°  30  Efc  256  po 
to  3  pines  on  a  Hill  side  thence  N°  60  Wl  200  po:  to 
ye  Low  Grounds  320  po  to  a  Poplar  standing  in  ye 
Fork  thence  to  ye  Begs 

Lot  ye  7th  Harmon  Shoker  &  Elias  Cellars  Begins 
at  a  Poplar  standing  on  ye  S°  Fork  Corner  to  Lot  ye 


Journal.  43 

6th  &  Running  along  ye  Line  S°  60  E'  244  po  to  a 
Pine  on  a  Hill  side  thence  N  30  El  262  po  by  2 
Marked  Pines  thence  N°  60  W*  46  po  to  ye  Low  G: 
140  to  ye  Fork  and  244  po  to  a  Stone  on  ye  side  of  a 
Mountain  thence  to  ye  Beging  S  30  W* 

Lot  ye  8th  Vacant34  Beginning  at  a  Rock  corner  to 
lot  7  &  Running  along  ye  Line  thereof  S°  60  El  244 
po  by  2  Pines  thence  N°  35  El  266  po.  to  3  Chesnut 
Oaks  on  a  Steep  Hill  side  thence  N°  55  E'  54  po.  to 
ye  Low  Grounds  80  po.  to  ye  Fork  190  po  to  ye  farr 
Edge  of  ye  Low  G:  244  po.  to  a  Chesnut  Oak  on  ye 
Mountain  side  thence  to  ye  Begining 

34  Vacant  —  this  term,  as  used  by  surveyors,  indicates  that 
the  tract  of  land  so  designated  is  neither  claimed  by  an  actual 
occupant  or  occupied  by  virtue  of  any  official  record.  Many  of 
the  settlers  on  the  lands  of  Lord  Fairfax  selected  their  farms 
and  made  iinprovemeDts  without  any  legal  survey,  warrant  or 
title,  other  than  a  "  tomahawk  blaze "  for  a  boundary  mark, 
trusting  that  the  actual  owner  of  the  land  would  recognize  the 
improvement  and  occupant's  claim  and  deal  justly  by  them. 
These  "  tomahawk  claims  "  were  respected  by  the  actual  settlers, 
had  a  market  value  among  land  speculators  and  were  admitted, 
to  a  certain  extent,  as  evidence  of  rights  in  the  courts. 

Fryday  April  ye  Ist  1748  This  Morning  Shot  twice 
at  Wild  Turkies  but  killd  none  run  of  three  Lots  & 
returned  to  Camp 

Saterday  April  2d  Last  Night  was  a  blowing  &  Rainy 
night  Our  Straw  catch'd  a  Fire  yl  we  were  laying  upon 
&  was  luckily  Preserv'd  by  one  of  our  Mens  awaking 
when  it  was  in  a  we  run  of  four  Lots  this 

Day  which  Reached  below  Stumps 


44  Journal. 


April 


Lot  ye  9th 

Begining  at  Chesnut  Oak  on  ye  Mountain  side 
corner  to  Lot  8th  &  Running  along  ye  Line  thereof 
S°  55  El  244  po  to  3  Chesnut  Oaks  on  a  Steep 
Side  thence  N°  35  Ei  262  po  to  2  Chesnut  Oaks 
&  a  White  Oak  thence  N°  65  El  80  to  ye  Low  G:  1 26 
po  to  yc  Fork  244  po  to  a  Hickory  at  ye  Foot  of  the 
Mountain  thence  to  ye  Beginning  S°  35  W*  262  po 
this  Lot  is  very  Good 

Lot  ioth  Michael  Calb  Liveron  Begining  at  a  Hick 
ory  Corner  to  Lot  ye  Qth  &  Runing  along  ye  Line 
S°  55  El  244  Pole  to  2  Chesnut  Oaks  thence  N°  35 
El  262  po  to  2  pines  &  a  Spanish  Oak  on  ye  Top  of  a 
Hill  thence  N°  55  Wl  84  po  to  ye  Low  G:  230,  po  to  ye 
Fork  270 po  to  a  Red  O:  on  ye  Mountain  Side  thence 
to  ye  Beginning 

Lot  ye  nth  Leonard  Nave  Beginning  at  a  Red  O: 
on  ye  Mountain  side  Corner  to  Lot  ye  ioth&  Running 
along  ye  Line  S  55  El  270  Po  to  2  Pines  on  ye  Top  of 
a  Hill  thence  N°  35  El  262  po.  to  a  Pine  on  a  Hill 
side  thence  N°  55  E  180  po  to  ye  Bottom  248  po  to 
ye  Fork  274  to  an  Ash  at  ye  Foot  of  ye  Mountain 
thence  to  ye  Beg. 

Lot  12th  Michael  Stumps  Begins  at  an  Ash  at  ye 
Foot  of  ye  Mountain  Corner  to  Lot  n  &  Running 
along  ye  Line  S°  55  El  274  Po:  to  a  Pine  thence  N° 
25  El  320  po  to  2  Pines  thence  N°  65  Wl  188  po  to 


Journal.  45 

ye  Low  G:  280  po  to  2  Sycamores  &  a  White  Wood 
tree  Standing  on  ye  Fork  thence  up  and  Crossing  ye 
Fork  to  ye  Begg 

Sunday  3d  Last  Night  was  a  much  more  blostering 
night  than  ye  former  we  had  our  Tent  Carried  Quite 
of  with  ye  Wind  and  was  obliged  to  Lie  ye  Latter  part 
of  ye  night  without  covering  there  came  several  Per 
sons  to  see  us  this  day  one  of  our  Men  Shot  a  Wild 
Turkic 

Monday  4th  this  morning  Mr  Fairfax  left  us  with 
Intent  to  go  down  to  ye  Mouth  of  ye  Branch  we  did 
two  Lots  &  was  attended  by  a  great  Company  of 
People  Men  Women  &  Children  that  attended  us 
through  ye  Woods  as  we  went  showing  there  Antick 
tricks  I  really  think  they  seem  to  be  as  Ignorant  a  Set 
of  People  as  the  Indians  they  would  never  speak 
English  but  when  spoken  to  they  speak  all  Dutch35 
this  day  our  Tent  was  blown  down  by  ye  Violentness 
of  y*  Wind 

35  Dutch. —  As  early  as  1730  there  was  a  considerable  settle 
ment  in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  of  German  immigrants  and 
their  descendants,  who  bad  first  settled  in  Pennsylvania  and 
tben  removed  to,  and  taken  up  lands  in,  the  valley  of  Yirginia. 
They  selected,  chiefly,  the  good  limestone  lands  with  their  cen 
ters  of  population  near  the  head- waters  of  the  Opequon  creek, 
in  Shenandoah,  and  the  south-western  part  of  Frederick  county. 
They  were  all  Protestants  in  religion .  The  town  of  Wood 
stock  was  originally  and  exclusively  settled  by  Germans.  The 
bill  for  its  incorporation  was  reported  to  the  House  of  Burgesses 
of  Ya.,  by  Col.  George  Washington  in  1761.  For  many  years 
the  German  language  was  exclusively  spoken  in  their  settle 
ment,  and  German  customs  and  religious  observances  were  re- 


46  Journal. 

tained  with  tenacity,  their  remoteness  and  seclusion  securing 
to  them  almost  perfect  freedom  from  innovations.  The  Rev 
olution  found  them  patriotic  supporters  of  the  colony  as  against 
the  pretensions  of  Great  Britain.  It  was  in  the  town  of  Wood 
stock,  Shenandoah  county,  that  Maj.-Gen.  John  Peter  Gabriel 
Muhlenberg,  minister  of  the  Lutheran  church,  dressed  in  his 
uniform  and  with  his  sword  buckled  on,  preached  a  farewell 
sermon  in  1776,  to  a  sympathizing  and  patriotic  congregation, 
and  the  next  day  marched  as  colonel  at  the  head  of  his  German 
regiment,  known  subsequently  as  the  8th  Virginia,  to  join  the 
Continental  army.  Such  names  of  places  as  JStrasburg,  Ham 
burg,  Mecklenburg,  the  latter  now  known  as  Shepherdstown, 
etc.,  perpetuate  the  fact  that  many  of  the  earliest  settlers  in 
that  section  were  German. —  See  Kercheval,  p.  158. 

April  4d 

Lot  ye  13  Vacant  Begins  at  2  Sycamores  and  a 
White  Wood  Tree  standing  on  ye  fork  Corner  to 
Lot  12th  &  Running  along  ye  Line  S°  65  El  280  po. 
to  2  pines  thence  N°  25  E4  228  Po.  to  a  Spanish  Oak 
thence  N°  65  Wfc  206  to  ye  Low  G:  248  po  to  ye  Fork 
280  to  a  Rock  Stone  on  ye  Mountain  Side  thence  to 
the  Beginning  S  25  W4  228  poles 

Lot  14th  James  Simson's  Begins  at  a  Rock  Stone  on 
ye  Mountain  Side  Corner  to  Lot  ye  13th  &  Runs  thence 
S°  65  El  280  pole  to  a  Spanish  Oak  thence  N°  25  E' 
228  pole  to  a  Large  Hickory  in  a  Vally  thence  N°  65 
Wl  1 08  to  ye  Low  G:  180  pole  to  ye  Fork  280  pole  to 
3  Red  Oaks  on  ye  Mountain  side  near  a  Spring 
Branch  thence  to  ye  Beginning  S  25  Wl  228  pole  this 
Lot  I  survay'd. 

The  Courses  of  ye  Fork  from  Lot  14th  Down  to  ye 
Mannor  Line  Beginning  at  2  Red  Bud  Trees36  &  a 


Journal.  47 

36  The  Red  Bud  or  Judas  tree. —  A  common  tree  that  grows 
wild   in   the  United   States.     In    botany  it  is  known  as   the 
u  Cercis  Canadensis"  and  often  grows  to  the  height  of  30  feet 
or  more.     It  flowers  in  April,  clothing  its  limbs  in  a  reddish- 
purple  bloom  for  a  week  or  ten  days  before  its  leaves  appear, 
and  from  this  circumstance  it  is  popularly  called  red  bud. 

Black  Walnut  on  ye  West  side  ye  Fork  &  Running 
Down  ye  Several  Courses  of  ye  Fork  N°  9  E*  19  po 
N°  34  W1  12  po  N°  15  E'  22  po  N°  39  El  24  po  N° 
12  E*  23  po  N°  17  Wfc  66  po  N  6  El  42  po  opposite 
to  Henry  Harris's  house  N°  26  Wfc  20  po  West  32  op 
Phillip  Moors  house  bears  N°  86  W*  N°  23  Wl  48  po 
to  a  Blazed  Tree37  from  here  Phillip  Moors  house  bears 
S°  54  W*  N°  6  Wfc  33  po  N°  28  E'  26  po  N°  73  E'  28 
po  N°  7  W*  85  po  to  a  blazed  tree  N°  45  W*  24  po.  ye 
Widow  Wolfs38  house  bears  S°  52  Wl  about  60  po.  N° 

37  Blazed  trees. —  These  are  surveyors'  marks  made  on  trees 
to  proclaim  and  identify  certain  routes  or  lines.     The  "  blaze  " 
is  made  by  removing  with  an  axe  a  strip  of  the  outer  bark  of  a 
tree  or  sapling,  for  about  a  foot  in  length  and  well  into  the 
inner  bark.     In  the  future  growth  of  the  tree  a  lighter  color 
marks  the  cicatrix  which  rarely  ever  wholly  disappears.     Sur 
veyors,  to  distinguish  corner  trees  in  a  survey,  not  only  blaze 
the  sides  of  the  tree  in  the  direction  their  lines  run  but  cut 
three  small  notches  through  the  bark  which  will  remain  dis 
tinct  during  the  life  of  the  tree. 

38  Widow  Wolf. —  There  was  a  Fort  Wolf  on  Stony  creek  a 
few  miles  south-west  of  Woodstock,  erected  by  the  Germans  at 
an  early  period  in  the  settlement  of  the  valley ;  there  is  also  a 
marsh  or  creek  named  Wolfs  marsh,  which  empties  into  the 
Shenandoah  about  twelve  miles  above  Ashby's  Ferry.     Possi 
bly  these  were  so  called  from  the  name  of  this  widow's  hus 
band. 

65  W  27  po  S°  84  W'  18  po.  S  50  W'  14  po  S.  19  W 


48  Journal. 

20  po  N°  67  Wl  22  po.  N°  28  Wl  23  po.  S°  78  Wfc  29 
po  N°  71  Wl  25  po.  N°  39  Wl  19  po  N°  3  W1  24 
po.  x  x  N°  60  Wl  20  po  N°  39  Wl  20  po  N°  8  Ei  46  po 
to  an  Ash  black  Walnut  &  White  Walnut  in  ye  Man- 
nor  Line  on  ye  sd  fork  thence  S°  36  Wl  along  ye 
Manner  Line  320  poles  to  2  W  :  O  &  a  R  :  O. 

Tuesday  5th  We  went  out  &  did  4  Lots  we  were 
attended  by  ye  same  Company  of  People  yl  we  had  ye 
day  before 

April  ye  5th  1 748 

Lot  ye  15th  Phillip  Moore  Beginning  at  Lot  ye  14th 
on  ye  Fork  &  Running  down  ye  Meanders  to  ye 
first  Blazed  Tree  a  Black  Oak  on  ye  Fork  thence  S° 
69  W*  80  to  ye  Edge  of  ye  Low  G :  226  po  to  a  Span 
ish  Oak  thence  S°  41  Ei  296  po.  to  a  White  Oak  on 
a  Mountain  side  thence  N°  40  El  38  po  to  3  Red 
Oaks  on  a  Mountain  side  near  a  Spring  Branch  this 
Lot  very  good 

Lot  ye  i6th  and  i7th  Widow  Wolfs  and  Henry  Shep- 
lars  a  Black  Smith  by  trade  Begins  at  a  Black  Walnut 
on  ye  Fork  &  Runs  S°  17  W  76  po  to  a  Red  Oak  & 
Hickory  90  po  Crossing  ye  Road  about  20  po:  above 
ye  house  226  po  to  2  W:  O  thence  N°  41  W1  96  po 
to  2  White  Oaks  in  ye  Mannorline  to  ye  River  the  line 
of  ye  i6th  Lot  from  ye  2  W:  O  S  41  El 

Lot  1 8th  Jeremiah  Osborne's  Begins  at  a  Sycamore 
on  ye,  Fork  &  extending  N°  80  El  215  po.  to  a  Cries- 
nut  Oak  thence  South  280  po  to  a  W:  O  near  a  Hick- 


Journal.  49 

ory  Corner  to  Lot  ye  14th  thence  along  the  line  thereof 
to  ye  Fork  thence  down  ye  Several  Meanders  of  ye 
Fork  to  ye  Beginning 

Wednesday  6th  Last  Night  was  so  Intolerably 
smoky  that  we  were  obliged  all  hands  to  leave  ye  Tent 
to  ye  Mercy  of  ye  Wind  and  Fire  this  day  was  at 
tended  by  our  afored  Company  untill  about  12  oClock 
when  we  finish'd  we  travell'd  down  ye  Branch  to 
Henry  Vanmetris's  on  our  Journey  was  catch'd  in  a 
very  heavy  Rain  we  got  under  a  Straw  House  untill 
ye  Worst  of  it  was  over  &  then  continued  our 
Journey 

April  6th 

Lot  19  Begg:  at  a  Spanish  Oak  corner  to  Lot  i8th 
&  Runing  thence  N°  23  Wl  350  po  to  3  W:  O 
thence  S°  36  Wt  164  po  94  to  ye  Low  G:  to  2  Locust 
Trees  on  ye  Fork 

Lot  ye  2oth  Begg  at  2  Locusts  on  ye  Fork  Corner 
to  Lot  19th  &  Runing  along  ye  Line  N°  36  El  164 
po  to  3  W:  O  thence  N°  23  W*  250  po  3  Red  Oaks 
in  ye  Manner  line  thence  Down  ye  Manner  line 

Thursday  ;th  Rain'd  Successively  all  Last  night 
this  Morning  one  of  our  men  Killed  a  Wild  Turkic 
that  weight  20  Pounds  we  went  &  Survey'd  15  Hun 
dred  Acres  of  Land  &  Return'd  to  Vanmetris's  about 
i  o'Clock  about  two  I  heard  that  Mr  Fairfax  was  come 
up  &  at  i  Peter  Casseys  about  2  Miles  of  in  ye  same 
Old  Field39  I  then  took  my  Horse  &  went  up  to  see 
7 


50  Journal. 

39  Old  Fields  and  Wild  Meadow. —  There  were  many  small, 
timberless  tracts  of  land  on  the  mountains  and  in  the  great 
valleys  of  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania,  in  regions  which  were 
generally,  prior  to  the  occupation  and  the  clearing  up  of  the 
country  by  the  white  man,  densely  covered  with  trees.  Large 
tracts  of  such  timberless  land  existed  in  the  region  now  em 
braced  within  the  counties  of  Berkeley,  Jefferson  and  Frederick. 
Strange  as  it  may  appear  some  of  this  kind  of  land  within  the 
history  of  the  settlement  of  the  valley  became  covered  with 
young  forest  timber.  In  some  respects  these  openings  resembled 
the  treeless  prairies  of  the  west.  No  satisfactory  explanation 
of  this  frequently  observed  condition  has  ever  been  given. 
Many  of  these  meadows  were  the  favorite  pasturing  grounds  of 
the  large  game  and  were,  therefore,  of  special  interest  to  the  hun 
ter.  Clearfield  county,  Pa.,  it  is  believed,  got  its  name  from 
the  fact  that  there  were  within  its  territory  extensive  natural 
clear  fields  and  meadows. 

him  we  eat  our  Dinners  &  walked  down  to  Vanme- 
tris's  we  stayed  about  two  Hours  &  Walked  back 
again  and  slept  in  Casseys  House  which  was  ye  first 
Night  I  had  slept  in  a  House  since  I  came  to  ye 
Branch 

Fryday  8th  we  breakfasted  at  Casseys  &  Rode  down 
to  Vanmetris's  to  get  all  our  Company  together  which 
when  we  had  accomplished  we  Rode  down  below  ye 
Trough  in  order  to  Lay  of  Lots  there  we  laid  of  one 
this  day  The  Trough  is  couple  of  Ledges  of  Moun 
tain  Impassable  running  side  &  side  together  for 
above  7  or  8  Miles  &  ye  River  down  between  them 
you  must  Ride  Round  ye  back  of  ye  Mountain  for  to 
get  below  them  we  Camped  this  Night  in  ye  Woods 
near  a  Wild  Meadow  where  was  a  Large  Stack  of 
Hay  after  we  had  Pitched  our  Tent  &  made  a  very 


Journal.  5 1 

Large  Fire  we  pull'd  out  our  Knapsack  in  order  to 
Recruit  ourselves  every  was  his  own  Cook  our  Spits 
was  Forked  Sticks  our  Plates  was  a  Large  Chip  as 
for  Dishes  we  had  none 

Saterday  9th  Set  ye  Surveyor40  to  work  whilst  Mr 
Fairfax  &  myself  stayed  at  ye  Tent  our  Provision 
being  all  exhausted  &  ye  Person  that  was  to  bring  us 
a  Recruit  disappointing  us  we  were  oblige  to  go 
without  untill  we  could  get  some  from  ye  Neigh 
bours  which  was  not  till  about  4  or  5  oClock  in  ye 
Evening  we  then  took  our  Leaves  of  ye  Rest  of  our 
Company  Road  Down  to  John  Colins  in  order  to  set 
off  next  Day  homewards 

40  From  the  expression,  "  set  the  surveyor  to  work,"  as  well 
as  the  language  used  in  the  record  on  the  12th  of  March,  that 
"  Mr.  James  G-enn  the  surveyor  came  to  us  and  traveled  over 
the  Blue  Ridge,  etc.,"  with  other  expressions  at  a  later  date  of 
similar  import  in  the  journal  and  in  other  documents,  it  is  ren 
dered  almost  certain  that  George  Washington  was,  from  the 
first,  employed  by  Lord  Fairfax,  not  as  a  surveyor,  merely, 
but  rather  in  the  capacity  of  a  skilled  director  of  other  survey 
ors,  and  as  the  confidential  adviser  in  the  division  and  sale  of 
his  lordship's  lands. 

Sunday  ioth  We  took  our  farewell  of  ye  Branch 
&  travell'd  over  Hills  and  Mountains  to  i  Coddys  on 
Great  Cacapehon  about  40  Miles 

Monday  i  Ith  We  travell'd  from  Coddys  down  to 
Frederick  Town  where  we  Reached  about  12  oClock 
we  dined  in  Town  and  then  went  to  Cap1  Kites  & 
Lodged 


5  2  Journal. 

Tuesday  12th  We  set  of  from  Capt.  Hites  in  order 
to  go  over  Wms  Gap41  about  20  Miles  and  after  Rid 
ing  about  20  Miles  we  had  20  to  go  for  we  had  lost 
ourselves  &  got  up  as  High  as  Ashbys  Bent4'2  we  did 
get  over  Wms  Gap  that  Night  and  as  low  as  Wm  Wests 
in  Fairfax43  County  18  Miles  from  ye  Top  of  ye  Ridge 
This  day  see  a  Rattled  Snake  ye  first  we  had  seen  in 
all  our  Journey 

41  Williams'  Gap,  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  is  on  a  line  nearly  due 
east  from  Winchester.  It  derived  its  name  from  a  Mr.  Williams, 
who  kept  a  ferry  over   the   Shenandoah   river  on  one  of  the 
roads  from    Winchester  into   Loudoun  and  Fairfax  counties. 
This  name  still  attaches  to  the  gap  and  appears  on  the  early 
maps  of  Virginia.     It  is  a  notahle  fact  that  all  or  most  of  the 
important  gaps  through  mountain  passes  in  the  United  States 
were  well  worn  buffalo  paths  and  Indian  trails  when  first  visited 
by  white  men. 

42  Ashhy's  Bent  is  supposed  to  have  reference  to  the  great 
bend  and  extensive  bottom  lands  of  the  Shenandoah,  just  above 
which   was  located   Captain   Ashby's  ferry  across  that  river. 
Washington  uses  this  term  in  1770  to  describe  a  large  tract  of 
bottom  land  on  the  Ohio  which  he  acquired. 

43  Fairfax  county,  in  which   Mount  Yernon  is  located,  was 
created  out  of  Prince  William  county   by    the   Assembly  of 
Virginia  in  1742. 

Wednesday  ye  13th  of  April  1748 

Mr  Fairfax  got  safe  home  and  I  myself  safe  to  my 
Brothers44  which  concludes  my  Journal45 

44  Major  Lawrence  Washington,  proprietor  of  Mount  Vernon, 
was  the  second  child  and  oldest  surviving  son  of  Augustine 
and  his  first  wife  Jane  (Butler)  Washington,  born  at  Pope's 
Creek,    Westmoreland  county,  Va.,  in   1718,  and   died  at  his 
residence,  Mount  Vernon,  26th  July,  1752.     He  was  the  half- 
brother  of  the  illustrious  George  Washington  and  great-grand 
son  of  the  emigrant,  Col.  John  Washington,  who  came  to  Vir- 


Journal.  53 

ginia  about  1657.  It  is  a  matter  of  tradition  that  Lawrence 
was  at  about  the  age  of  15  sent  to  England  to  be  educated,  and 
leaving  college  he  received  a  captain's  commission  to  serve  in 
a  regiment  raised  in  Virginia  to  take  part  in  the  expedition 
against  Carthegenia,  1740-42,  under  the  command  of  Admiral 
Vernon. 

The  expedition  failed  of  its  purpose,  and  Major  Lawrence 
Washington  returned  to  Virginia  in  the  fall  of  1742.  He  shortly 
after  became  engaged  to  Anne  Fairfax,  which  induced  him  to  re 
sign  from  the  army.  His  father  died  April  12,  1743,  leaving  a 
considerable  estate  and  named  him,  his  oldest  son,  one  of 
his  executors.  He  inherited  from  his  father  "the  Hunting 
creek"  plantation,  consisting  of  2,500  acres,  on  the  Potomac 
but  a  few  miles  from  and  in  sight  of  "  Belvoir."  On  the  19th 
of  July  Lawrence  Washington  was  united  in  marriage  to  Anne, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Hon.  William  Fairfax  of  "  Belvoir."  He 
made  many  improvements  on  his  plantation  and  gave  it  the 
name  of  "  Mount  Vernon,"  in  compliment  to  his  old  com 
mander,  Admiral  Vernon.  Lawrence  Washington  had  received 
a  good  education,  had  mixed  with  prominent  personages,  had 
seen  much  of  the  world,  and  was  a  man  of  good  habits  and 
business  qualifications. 

His  father  at  the  time  of  his  death,  was  largely  engaged  in 
business  which  Lawrence  was  obliged  to  look  after  and  close  up. 
This  gradually  led  him  into  various  business  enterprises;  such 
as  the  manufacturing  of  iron,  buying  and  selling  land,  etc.  He 
and  his  brother  Augustin  were  among  the  organizers  of  "  The 
Ohio  Company,"  to  explore  the  western  country,  encourage  set 
tlements,  and  conduct  a  trade  with  the  Indians.  He  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia  from  Fairfax  county  in 
1748.  It  was  largely  through  his  influence  that  a  charter  was 
granted  to  the  towns  of  Alexandria  and  Colchester,  both  in 
Fairfax  county.  He  together  with  Lord  Fairfax,  George 
Mason,  Hon.  William  Fairfax,  William  Ramsay,  John  Carlyle 
and  others  was  named  as  trustee  to  lay  out  and  govern  the  town. 
He  was  a  popular  legislator,  but  declined  to  serve  longer  in 
the  Assembly,  as  it  interfered  with  his  present  business.  He 
was  greatly  attached  to  his  brother  George,  and  made  it  a  point 
to  have  him  with  him  at  Mount  Vernon  whenever  it  was  prac 
ticable  without  interrupting  his  studies.  Lawrence  was  always 
of  a  delicate  constitution,  but  by  his  prudent  habits  and  system- 


54  Journal. 

atic  attention  to  business  he  accomplished  a  great  deal  and  en 
hanced  the  value  of  his  possessions.  He  was  tall  in  stature  and 
a  man  of  fine  personal  appearance,  as  is  shown  by  an  oil  paint 
ing  of  him  which  still  hangs  upon  the  wall  of  the  Virginia 
room  in  Mount  Vernon  mansion.  He  was  rapidly  becoming 
one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  Virginia,  when  his  health 
broke  down.  As  a  last  resort  his  physicians  recommended  that 
he  should  spend  a  winter  in  the  West  Indies.  In  the  fall  of 
1751,  he  resigned  his  commission  as  one  of  the  adjutant-generals 
of  Virginia,  and  taking  his  brother  George  with  him,  he  went 
to  the  Island  of  Barbadoes.  His  pulmonary  trouble  had  pro 
gressed  too  far  to  be  arrested,  and  after  spending  some  five 
months  on  the  Island,  and  finding  himself  declining  he  re 
turned  home  and  died  in  July,  1752.  His  marriage  had  been 
blessed  by  four  children,  three  of  whom  had  died,  his  surviv 
ing  child,  Sarah,  was  still  an  infant  at  the  time  of  her  father's 
death.  After  providing  in  his  will  for  his  wife  he  left  Mount 
Vernon  to  his  daughter,  but  in  the  event  of  her  death  without 
heirs  it  was  to  go  to  his  "  beloved  brother  George,"  who  was 
also  named  as  one  of  his  executors.  This  daughter  Sarah  died 
within  a  year,  and  George  inherited  Mount  Vernon  before  he 
was  21  years  of  age.  A  few  years  after  Lawrence  Washington's 
death,  his  widow  married  George  Lee,  brother  to  the  father  of 
Arthur  and  Richard  Henry  Lee,  patriots  in  the  Revolution. 

45  The  note  book  which  contains  this  journal  of  Washington's 
includes  also  other  memoranda,  such  as  notes  of  surveys,  drafts 
of  juvenile  letters,  verses,  etc.,  all  of  which  are  of  interest  for 
the  glimpses  they  give  of  the  character  and  early  life  of  their 
author,  and  are  copied  with  literal  exactness  and  given  with  the 
journal  and  surveys. 

The  Manner  how  to  Draw  up  a  Return  when  Sur- 
vey'd  for  His  Lordship  or  any  of  ye  Family 

March  ye  15th  1747-8 

Then  Survey'd  for  George  Fairfax  Esqr.  Three 
Thousand  &  twenty  Three  Acres  of  Land  lying  in 
Frederick  County46  on  Long  Marsh  Joyning  Thomas 
Johnstones  Land  and  bounded  as  follows 


Jo2trnal.  55 

46  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  was  formed  by  Act  of  As 
sembly  in  1738,  out  of  Orange  county  at  the  same  time  that 
Augusta  county  was  created.  The  boundaries  of  Frederick 
county  were  measurably  well  defined  ;  to  Augusta,  however, 
was  left  all  the  western  territory  belonging  to  V  irginia,  much 
of  it  at  that  time  an  unexplored  wilderness.  This  immense 
area  has  since  been  divided  and  now  forms  four  great  and  in 
dependent  states  of  the  Union,  namely,  Kentucky,  Indiana, 
Ohio  and  Illinois.  Frederick  county,  by  a  return  of  the 
effective  militia  made  to  the  governor  of  Virginia  in  1777,  had 
but  923  men .  The  total  population  of  the  town  of  Winchester 
at  that  time  was  800  and  a  fraction. —  Kercheval. 

Beginning  at  (A)  Three  Hickorys  Corner  Trees 
to  Thomas  Johnstones  Land  &  Extending  thence 
along  his  S  13  W*  One  Hundred  Seventy  two  Poles 
to  (B)  a  Locust  Johnstones  Corner  thence  along 
another  of  his  Lines  S  34  E*  150  po.  to  (C)  a  White 
Oak  another  of  his  Corners  thence  S°  75  E1  186  po 
&  to  (D)  a  large  Hickory  thence  N°  58  E*  160  po 
xing  a  Spring  Run  to  (E)  three  Red  Oak  Fx  on  a 
Ridge  thence  N°  30  Efc  436  po  to  a  Hickory  an  Red 
Oak  Fx  at  (F)  thence  N°  60  Wl  90  po  to  (G)  a  Large 
White  Oak  Fx  thence  N°  7  Efc  420  po  xing  Long 
Marsh  to  (H)  two  Red  Oaks  and  a  W:  O:  Fx  in  a 
Bottom  in  ye  aforesd  Thomas  Johnstones  line  finally 
along  his  line  S°  80  E1  one  Hundred  fourteen  Poles 
toy6  Beginning  Containing  Three  Thousand  &  twenty 
three  Acres. 

pr  JAMES  GENN 
HENRY  ASHBY       )    ^T    .     ,^ 
RICHARD  TAYLOR  }  Ckam  Men 
ROBERT  ASHBY  Marker. 
WM.  LINDSEY  Pilot. 


56  Journal. 

N.  B.  The  Distances  in  ye  above  Writing  ought 
to  be  Written  in  Letters  not  in  figures  only  I  have 
done  it  now  for  Brevity  sake47 

47  At  this  place  in  the  journal  three  leaves,  six  pages,  have 
heen  torn  out.     The  edges  left  show  that  they  had  been  written 
upon  by   Washington.     The  next  record  of  a  survey  in   the 
hand-writing  of  Washington  is  signed  by  him  with  the  name  of 
James   Genn,  as  is  also   the   incomplete  plot  of  a  survey  here 
reproduced  from  the  original  by  tracing;  whether  it  is  a  study 
from  Held  notes  by  James  Genn  or  an  actual  survey  by  Wash 
ington  himself  does  not  appear.     The  paper  upon   which  it  is 
drawn  and  the  style  of  the  hand-writing,  place  it  as  of  a  date 
current  with  the  added  records  of  1747-8. 

The  Courses  &  Distances  of  the  Following  Plat  is 
as  follows  viz  beginning  at  A  and  running  thence  N° 
30  El  436  poles  thence  N  60  Wfc  90  pole  thence  N°  7 
El  365  pole  to  Long  Marsh  &  420  to  the  end  of  the 
Course  thence  N  65  W1  134  pole  thence  S°  20  Wl  1 26 
poles  crossing  Long  Marsh  to  a  Branch  thereof  com 
monly  calld  Cates  Marsh  218  pole  to  the  end  of  the 
Course  thence  N  80  Wfc  558  pole  thence  S  25  Wl  144 
pole  thence  S  33^  E1  96  pole  S  20  El  316  pole  thence 
S  80  El  114  pole  thence  East  280  pole  thence  S  15 
El  262  to  the  Beginning  Survey'd  by 

JAMES  GENN 

The  Courses  of  the  Town  of  Alexandria48 

48  Alexandria,  Virginia. —  This  seems  to  be  a  brief  record  of 
the  course  and   distances  of  a  survey  by  Washington  of  the 
shore-line  of  the  town  of  Alexandria  before  the  river  bank  was 
improved  or  altered  by  the  building  of  wharves  and  the  grad 
ing  of  streets.     It  is  probable  that  these  lines  were  run  in   the 
winter  when  the  river  was  closed  with  ice. 


Wwiaa/,&ttff 

"7  /  J/ 


Journal.  57 

The  Meanders  of  the  River 

S  84^  E1  3  Chain 

S  52  Efc  4  C  17  L 

S  24  E  5  C  9  L  to  the  Point  at  a  sm1   Hickory 
stump  above  the  Landing  Place 

S  70  E  i  C  25  L 

S  45  E  3  C  18  L 

DEAR  SIR 

I  should  receive  a  Letter  or  Letters  from  you  by 
the  first  and  all  oppertunetys  with  the  greatest  sense 
or  mark  of  your  esteem  and  affection  whereas  its  the 
greatest  Pleasure  I  can  yet  forsee  of  having  in  fairfax 
to  hear  from  my  Intimate  friends  and  acquaintances 
I  hope  you  in  Particular  will  not  Bauk  me  of  what  I 
so  ardently  Wish  for49 

49  This  appears  to  have  been  a  study  for  a  letter  to  some 
youthful  companion.  Even  to  the  close  of  his  life  it  was  the 
habit  of  Washington,  in  writing  important  letters  and  papers, 
to  make  rough  drafts  of  them  as  a  study.  However,  in  copy 
ing  them  off,  he  frequently  changed  expressions  and  amplified 
their  contents  as  his  judgment  approved.  The  original  drafts 
of  many  of  his  letters  are  preserved  in  the  Department  of  State 
at  Washington  and  illustrate  this  fact.  Hence  the  transcripts 
in  his  letter-book  are  not  always  true  copies  of  either  his  drafts 
or  his  original  autograph  letters.  These  drafts  were  kept  by 
him  as  memoranda,  rather  than  as  exact  copies.  It  is  also  prob 
able  that  there  are  many  drafts  preserved  of  letters  which  were 
never  actually  sent.  In  some  cases  he  endorses  this  fact  upon 
drafts  of  letters. 

DEAR  FRIEND  JOHNS° 

As  its  the  greatest  mark  of  friendship  and  esteem 
you  can  shew  to  an  absent  Friend  In  often  Writing 

8 


58  Journal. 

to  him  so  hope  you'l  not  deny  me  that  Favour  as  its 
so  ardently  wish'd  and  desired  by  me  its  the  greatest 
pleasure  I  can  yet  forsee  of  having  in  fairfax  to  hear 
from  my  friends  Particularly  yourself  was  my  affec 
tions  disengaged  I  might  perhaps  form  some  pleas 
ures  in  the  conversasion  of  an  agreeable  Young 
Lady  as  theres  one  now  Lives  in  the  same  house 
with  me  but  as  that  is  only  nourishment  to  my  for 
mer  affecn  for  by  often  seeing  her  brings  the  other 
into  my  remembrance  whereas  perhaps  was  she  not 
often  &  (unavoidably)  presenting  herself  to  my  view 
I  might  in  some  measure  eliviate  my  sorrows  by 
burying  the  other  in  the  grave  of  Oblivion  I  am  well 
convinced  my  heart  stands  in  defiance  of  all  others 
but  only  she  thats  given  it  cause  enough  to  dread  a 
second  assault  and  from  a  different  Quarter  tho  I 
well  know  let  it  have  as  many  attacks  as  it  will  from 
others  they  cant  be  more  fierce  than  it  has  been  I 
could  wish  to  know  whether  you  have  taken  your  in 
tended  trip  downwards  or  not  if  you  with  what  Suc 
cess  as  also  to  know  how  my  friend  Lawrence  drives 
on  in  his  art  of  courtship  as  I  fancy  you  may  both 
nearlly  guess  how  it  will  respectively  go  with  each 
of  you 

9  Dear  Sir,  Dear  Friend  John,  and  Dear  Friend  Robin.— 
These  all  seem  to  be  studies  or  drafts  of  letters,  which  may 
have  been  impersonal  or  possibly  to  his  youthful  school-fellows 
and  companions  in  Westmoreland  and  Stafford  counties.  It 
would  be  idle  to  speculate  as  to  whom  they  were  intended,  in 
the  absence  of  more  definite  information.  They  are  in  no  wise 
remarkable,  except  as  evidences  of  Washington's  life-long  habit 
of  making  memoranda,  drafts  and  studies  of  his  letters. 


Journal.  59 

DEAR  FRIEND  ROBIN 

As  its  the  greatest  mark  of  friendship  and  esteem 
absent  Friends  can  shew  each  other  in  Writing  and 
often  communicating  their  thoughts  to  his  fellow  com 
panions  makes  me  endeavour  to  signalize  myself  in 
acquainting  you  from  time  to  time  and  at  all  times 
my  situation  and  employments  of  Life  and  could 
Wish  you  would  take  half  the  Pains  of  contriving  me 
a  Letter  by  any  oppertunity  as  you  may  be  well  assured 
of  its  meeting  with  a  very  welcome  reception  my 
Place  of  Residence  is  at  present  at  His  Lordships 
where  I  might  was  my  heart  disengag'd  pass  my  time 
very  pleasantly  as  theres  a  very  agreeable  Young  Lady 
Lives  in  the  same  house  (Col°  George  Fairfax's  Wife's 
Sister51)  but  as  thats  only  adding  Fuel  to  fire  it  makes 
me  the  more  uneasy  for  by  often  and  unavoidably 
being  in  Company  with  her  revives  my  former  Passion 
for  your  Low  Land  Beauty52  whereas  was  I  to  live 
more  retired  from  yound  Women  I  might  in  some 
measure  eliviate  my  sorrows  by  burying  that  chast  and 
troublesome  Passion  in  the  grave  of  oblivion  or  etar- 
nall  forgetfulness  for  as  ,1  am  very  well  assured  thats 
the  only  antidote  or  remedy  that  I  ever  shall  be  releivd 
by  or  only  recess  that  can  administer  any  cure  or  help 
to  me  as  I  am  well  convinced  was  I  ever  to  attempt 
any  thing  I  should  only  get  a  denial  which  would  be 
only  adding  grief  to  uneasiness 

51  The  young  lady  indicated  was  Miss  Mary  Gary,  the  daugh 
ter  of  Colonel  Wilson  Gary,  of  Ceeleys  Hampton,  Elisabeth 
City  county,  Ya.  For  34  years  Mr.  Gary  was  collector  of  cus- 


6o  Journal. 

toms  for  the  lower  James  river  district,  and  a  man  of  large 
wealth  and  aristocratic  notions.  He  had  four  daughters  :  Sarah, 
who  married  George  W.  Fairfax,  of  "  Belvoir "  ;  Mary,  who 
married  in  1 754-,  Edward  Ambler  of  Jamestown;  Anna,  wlio 
married  Robert  Carter  Nicholas;  and  Elizabeth,  who  married 
Rev.  Bryan,  8th  Lord  Fairfax.  Col.  Gary  had  also  one  son 
Wilson  Allies  Gary,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  of 
Virginia  in  1776.  Some  writers  have  confounded  him  with 
his  father.  Bishop  Meade  in  his  Old  Churches  and  Families 
of  Virginia,  accepts  traditions  which  other  writers  claim  are 
authenticated  by  documents,  preserved  by  the  Ambler  family, 
and  accordingly  his  account  credits  the  story  that  Washington, 
in  his  youth,  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  Miss  Mary  Gary,  and 
solicited  leave  of  Col.  Gary  to  address  his  daughter,  but  was  re 
fused.  (See  Meade,  vol.  i,  108.)  This  draft  of  the  letter  ad 
dressed  to  "Dear  Friend  Robin,"  was  probably  made  in  the 
spring  of  174:8,  when  Washington  was  in  his  seventeenth  year. 
In  it,  he  playfully  avows  an  admiration  for  the  "lowland 
beauty"  and,  at  the  same  time,  admits  the  agreeableness  of  the 
"  young  lady  in  the  house "  with  him  at  u  Belvoir."  Mr. 
Edward  Ambler,  educated  at  Cambridge,  England,  was  col 
lector  for  York  river  and  a  burgess  for  Jamestown.  He  died 
in  1768  in  his  thirty-fifth  year  and  was  buried  at  Jamestown ; 
his  widow  survived  him  until  1781.  Mrs.  Ambler  with  her 
children  and  her  sister,  Mrs.  Fairfax,  were  occasionally  guests 
at  Mount  Vernon,  as  Washington's  diaries  show.  I  am  inclined 
to  believe  that  while  it  is  true  that  Washington  entertained  a 
high  regard  for  the  Gary  family  and  particularly  the  ladies, 
there  is  nothing  but  the  lightest  gossip  to  create  an  inference 
that  there  ever  wras  even  an  incipient  affair  of  the  heart  be 
tween  either  of  the  Misses  Gary  and  Washington. 

62  Lowland  beauty.  — Who  this  object  of  Washington's 
early  admiration  was,  if  she  had  a  veritable  existence,  is  not 
positively  known.  Irving,  followed  by  Everett  and  others, 
accepts  the  tradition,  or  rather  surmises,  that  this  sobriquet  re 
ferred  to  Miss  Lucy  Grymes  of  Westmoreland  county,  who  in 
1753  married  Henry  Lee,  Esq.  Their  son  was  the  gallant 
General  Henry  Lee,  "  Lighthorse  Harry,"  of  the  Revolution. 
Some  recent  writers,  affect  to  believe  that  this  draft  of  a  letter 
is  conclusive  that  there  was  a  real  love  affair  but  that  Betsy 


Journal.  61 

Fauntleroy,  of  Fredericksburg,  Ya.,  was  the  person  re 
ferred  to,  and  have  published  a  letter  purporting  to  have  been 
addressed  by  Washington  to  William  Fauntleroy,  Sr.,  Esq., 
in  Richmond,  enclosing  one  to  Miss  Betsy,  who,  it  is  made  to 
appear,  had  also  refused  Washington's  addresses.  Letters  and 
traditions  of  this  character  should  be  received  with  caution,  for 
while  vague  reports  and  surmises  of  an  affair  of  the  heart  may 
be  dilated  upon  in  a  bantering  way  among  friends  of  the  parties 
where  there  is  little  or  no  foundation  for  the  allegation,  yet 
they  should  be  subjected  to  scrutiny  and  some  positive  evidence 
adduced  before  they  are  accepted  as  historical  facts. 

DEAR  SALLY 

This  comes  to  Fredericksburg  fair  in  hopes  of 
meeting  with  a  speedy  Passage  to  you  if  your  not 
there  which  hope  you'l  get  shortly  altho  I  am  almost 
discouraged  from  writing  to  you  as  this  is  my  fouth  to 
you  since  I  receiv'd  any  from  yourself  I  hope  you'l  not 
make  the  Old  Proverb  good  out  of  sight  out  of  Mind 
as  its  one  of  the  greatest  Pleasures  I  can  yet  foresee  of 
having  in  Fairfax  in  often  hearing  from  you  hope 
you'l  not  deny  it  me 

I  Pass  the  time  of  much  more  agreeabler  than  what 
I  imagined  I  should  as  there's  a  very  agreeable  Young 
Lady  lives  in  the  same  house  where  I  reside  (Col° 
George  Fairfax's  Wife  Sister)  that  in  a  great  Measure 
cheats  my  sorrow  and  dejectedness  tho  not  so  as  to 
draw  my  thoughts  altogether  from  your  Parts  I  could 
wish  to  be  with  you  down  there  with  all  my  heart  but 
as  it  is  a  thing  almost  Impractakable  shall  rest  myself 
where  I  am  with  hopes  of  shortly  having  some  Min 
utes  of  your  transactions  in  your  Parts  which  will  be 
very  welcomely  receiv'd  by  Your 


62  Journal. 

DEAR  SIR —  It  would  be  the  greatest  Satisfaction 

Memorandom53  to  have  my  Coat  made  by  the  fol 
lowing  Directions  to  be  made  a  Frock  with  a  Lapel 
Breast  the  Lapel  to  Contain  on  each  side  six  Button 
Holes  and  to  be  about  5  or  6  Inches  wide  all  the 
way  equal  and  to  turn  as  the  Breast  on  the  Coat  does 
to  have  it  made  very  Long  Waisted  and  in  Length 
to  come  down  to  or  below  the  bent  of  the  knee  the 
Waist  from  the  armpit  to  the  Fold  to  be  exactly  as 
long  or  Longer  than  from  thence  to  the  Bottom  not 
to  have  more  than  one  fold  in  the  Skirt  and  the  top 
to  be  made  just  to  turn  in  and  three  Button  Holes 
the  Lapel  at  the  top  to  turn  as  the  Cape  of  the  Coat 
and  Bottom  to  Come  Parrallel  with  the  Button  Holes 
the  Last  Button  hole  in  the  Breast  to  be  right  op- 
posit  to  the  Button  on  the  Hip54 

53  The  minuteness  of  detail  is  very  characteristic  of  the  writer. 
While  Washington  was  observant  of  the  proprieties  of  life  and 
of  good  taste  in  dress,  there  was  not  the  least  leaning  to  fop 
pishness.     IJiit  it  was  a  principle  with  him  to   have   whatever 
he  bought,  consonant  with  good  taste  and  of  the  best  quality. 

54  At  this  point  in  the  book  there  are  18  blank  pages. 

DEAR  RICHARD 

The  Receipt  of  your  kind  favour  of  the  2d  of  this 
Instant  afforded  me  unspeakable  pleasure  as  I  am 
convinced  I  am  still  in  the  Memory  of  so  Worthy  a 
friend  a  friendship  I  shall  ever  be  proud  of  Increasing 
you  gave  me  the  more  pleasure  as  I  receiv'd  it  amongst 
a  parcel  of  Barbarians  and  an  uncooth  set  of  People 
the  like  favour  often  repeated  would  give  me  Pleasure 


Journal.  63 

altho  I  seem  to  be  in  a  Place  where  no  real  satis:  is 
to  be  had  since  you  receid  my  Letter  in  October  Last 
I  have  not  sleep'd  above  three  Nights  or  four  in  a 
bed  but  after  Walking  a  good  deal  all  the  Day  lay 
down  before  the  fire  upon  a  Little  Hay  Straw  Fodder 
or  bearskin  whichever  is  to  be  had  with  Man  Wife 
and  Children  like  a  Parcel  of  Dogs  or  Catts  &  happy's 
he  that  gets  the  Birth  nearest  the  fire  there's  nothing 
would  make  it  pass  of  tolerably  but  a  good  Reward 
a  Dubbleloon  is  my  constant  gain  every  Day  that  the 
Weather  will  permit  my  going  out  and  some  time 
Six  Pistoles55  the  coldness  of  the  Weather  will  not 
allow  my  making  a  long  stay  as  the  Lodging  is  rather 
too  cold  for  the  time  of  Year  I  have  never  had  my 
Cloths  of  but  lay  and  sleep  in  them  like  a  Negro 
except  the  few  Nights  I  have  lay'n  in  Frederick 
Town. 

55  A  Pistole. —  This  coin  was  worth,  at  the  time  Washington 
wrote  this  journal,  about  $3.60.     A  doubloon  was  worth  twice 
that  amount. 

Mem  To  Survey  the  Lands  at  the  Mouth  of  Little 
Cacapehon56  &  the  Mouth  of  Fifteen  Mile  Creek57  for 
the  Gentlemen  of  the  Ohio  Com:58 

56  Cacapehon,  now  generally  written  Capon. —  There  are  two 
streams  in  the  same  vicinity  known  by  this  name,  and  to  dis 
tinguish  them,  one  is  called  "  Great  Capon "  and  the  other 
"  Little  Capon."     Both  are  tributaries  to  the  Potomac. 

57  Fifteen  Mile  creek  rises  in  Maryland  and  flows  in  a  south 
easterly  direction,  emptying  into  the  Potomac  river  between 
Sideling  Hill  creek  and  Town  creek,  about  15  miles  above  Han 
cock,  Md. 


64  Journal. 

58  "  The  Ohio  Company  "  grew  into  existence  out  of  efforts  by 
Virginians,  dated  as  early  as  1746  or  1747,  to  secure  a  share  in 
the  lucrative  Indian  trade,  and  with  the  prospect  of  opening  to 
settlement  the  lands  on  the  upper  waters  of  the  Ohio.  An 
early  move  in  this  direction  had  been  made  by  Colonel  Thomas 
Cresap,  a  man  of  courage,  judgment  and  enterprise  —  qualities 
required  for  trading  successfully  with  the  Indians.  He  had 
erected  his  cabin  at  Oldtown,  Md.  About  1746  Lawrence  and 
Augustine  Washington,  after  making  some  cautious  business 
ventures  in  the  Indian  trade,  with  others  assisted  to  organize 
"  this  Ohio  Company."  Thomas  Lee,  whose  second  son,  Richard 
Henry  Lee,  was  to  become  so  .conspicuous  a  patriot  of  the  Rev 
olution,  and  John  Hanbury,  a  wealthy  London  merchant,  were 
original  members  of  this  company,  into  which  still  other  men 
of  substance  and  standing  were  admitted,  and  to  which,  in 
1749,  the  British  government  gave  a  charter,  as  "  The  Ohio 
Company,"  with  a  grant  of  half  a  million  acres  of  land,  to  be 
located  between  the  Monongahela  and  Kanawha  rivers,  on  the 
soutli  side  of  the  Ohio.  With  but  twenty  shares  of  stock  at 
first  issue,  the  company's  prosperity  seemed  assured,  and  both 
Governor  Dinwiddie  and  George  Mason,  at  a  later  date  pur 
chased  an  interest  in  it.  Among  the  early  Washington  manu 
scripts  appears  the  above  memorandum  of  a  survey  for  this 
company.  Although  this  entry  is  without  date  it  must  have 
been  earlier,  judging  from  its  position  in  the  note-book,  than 
the  charter.  This  document  imposed,  as  conditions  of  the  land 
grant,  that  the  company  should  at  once  survey  two  hundred 
thousand  acres,  and  within  seven  years  secure  the  settlement 
of  not  less  than  one  hundred  families,  erect  forts,  and  maintain 
a  garrison  against  the  Indians, —  conditions  on  the  fulfilment 
of  which  they  were  to  be  for  ten  years  exempt  from  the  pay 
ment  of  quit-rents.  Mr.  Christopher  Gist  was  employed  as  the 
company's  agent,  and  on  October  19,  1749,  entered  upon  his 
duties  of  inspecting  the  country,  contiguous  to  the  Ohio  river, 
reporting  upon  the  character  of  the  lands,  making  surveys, 
keeping  a  journal  of  his  observations,  drawing  plans  of  the  ter 
ritory,  etc.  In  1750  the  company  built  a  small  store-house  at 
Will's  creek  and  stocked  it  with  goods  from  London  to  the 
value  of  £4,000.  In  1752  Mr.  Gist  held  a  council  with  the 
Indians  on  the  Ohio  in  behalf  of  the  company,  and  secured 
their  permission  to  lay  out  a  town  and  erect  a  fort  at  McKee's 


Journal.  65 

Rocks  at  the  mouth  of  Chartier's  creek,  upon  the  east  side  of 
the  Ohio,  a  few  miles  below  Pittsburg.  Washington,  in  his 
diary,  alludes  to  this,  and  says  of  the  position  :  u  I  think  it 
greatly  inferior,  either  for  defense  or  advantage,  especially  the 
latter :  For  a  fort  at  the  forks  would  be  equally  well  situated 
on  the  Ohio,  and  have  the  entire  command  of  the  Mononga- 
hela."  In  1751  the  company  began  making  a  road  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Monongahela,  but  for  lack  of  adequate  resources, 
made  only  slow  progress.  The  company  looked  upon  the  lands 
around  Will's  creek  as  being  within  their  grant.  They  also 
erected  a  store-house  at  the  mouth  of  Redstone  on  the  Monon 
gahela  and  began  some  improvements  at  the  forks  of  the  Ohio, 
immediately  after  completing  those  at  Will's  creek.  At  the 
latter  place  they  had  the  adjacent  lands  surveyed  on  both  sides 
the  stream,  above  and  below  the  forks,  and  laid  out  a  town  to 
which  they  gave  the  name  of  Charlottesburg  in  honor  of  the 
Princess  Charlotte,  afterward  wife  of  King  George.  The 
French  and  Indian  war,  with  other  stirring  political  events, 
compelled  the  company  to  be  cautious  and  to  contract  its  opera 
tions,  but,  its  embarrassments  increasing  from  the  course  pur 
sued  toward  it  by  the  English  government,  prompted  by  en 
vious  rival  interests,  the  consent  of  its  agent,  George  Mercer, 
Esq.,  was  finally  gained  to  merge  the  Ohio  Company  into  a 
Grand  Company,  under  what  was  known  as  the  Walpole  Grant 
or  Company.  Their  proposal  was  as  follows  :  u  We,  the  Com 
mittee  of  the  Purchasers  of  a  Tract  of  Country  for  a  new  Prov 
ince  on  the  Ohio  in  America,  do  hereby  admit  the  Ohio  Com 
pany  as  a  Co-Purchaser  with  us  for  two  shares  of  the  said 
Purchase,*  in  Consideration  of  the  Engagement  of  their  Agent, 
Col.  Mercer,  to  withdraw  the  application  of  the  said  Company 
for  a  separate  Grant  within  the  Limits  of  the  said  Purchase. 

Witness  our  Hands  this  7th  Day  of  May  1770 
THOMAS  WALPOLE 
S.  POWNALL 

*  The  whole  being  divided  into  seventy-      "R    T?T?  A1VTTT  T1VT 
two  equal  Shares  by  the  words  "two  shares"      £*;  JpJ^S  ^^ \  -r^™^ 
above  is  understood  twoSeventy-secoad  parts      SAMU.LL  WHARTON 
of  the  Tract  so  as  above  Purchased. 

THOMAS  WALPOLE 

S.  POWNALL 

B.  FRANKLIN 

SAMUEL  WHARTON 

See  American  Historical  Review,  vol.  iii,  p.  205. 
This  action,  however,  was  not  approved  by  the  American 
9 


66  Journal. 

members  of  the  company,  and  the  final  collapse  of  the  whole 
enterprise  was  one  of  the  results  of  the  Revolution. 

I  heartily  congratulate  you59  on  the  happy  News  of 
my  Brothers  safe  arrival  in  health  in  England  and  am 
joy'd  to  hear  that  his  stay  is  likely  to  be  so  short  I  hope 
you'll  make  Use  of  your  Natural  Resolution  and  con- 
tendness  as  they  are  the  only  Remedys  to  spend  the 
time  with  ease  &  pleasure  to  yourself  I  am  deprived 
of  the  pleasure  of  waiting  on  you  (as  I  expected)  by 
Ague  and  Feaver  which  I  have  had  to  Extremety 
since  I  left  which  has  occasioned  my  Return  D 

59  Memorandum  or  draft  of  a  letter  to  his  sister-in-law  Anne, 
wife  of  Lawrence  Washington,  of  Mount  Vernon,  made,  very 
possibly,  while  in  the  field  surveying  in  the  fall  of  1748  or 
spring  of  1749.     This  visit  to  Europe,  of  Lawrence  Washing 
ton,  was  partly  in  the  interest  of  the  Ohio  Company  and  partly 
on  account  of  his  failing  health  which,  unfortunately,  was  not 
benefited  by  the  voyage  as  had  been  hoped. 

Memorandom  to  charge  Mrs  Aus.  Washington60 
with  4  /Q  and  i8d  the  30  of  July  to  a  Maryland  Hen- 
wife  as  also  Major  Law:  Washington  with  i  73  lent 
the  15  of  August  5  /g  the  17  D°  2  /6  D°:  I  read  to 
the  Reign  of  K  :  John 

60  Mrs.  Aus.  Washington  evidently  refers  to  Mrs.  Augustine 
Washington,    of    Westmoreland,    the    wife   of  George's  half- 
brother,  Augustine,  with  whom  he  had  made  his  home  while 
attending  Mr.  William's  Academy.     Austin  is,  or  has  been,  in 
Virginia  a  contraction  for  Augustine.     Augustine  Moore,  a 
notable  character,  is  recorded  interchangeably,  in  land  and  other 
records,  as  Augustine  and  as  Austin  Moore.     It  is  presumed 
that  "The  Maryland  Housewife"  was  intended  to  have  been 
written,  that  being  the  name  of  a  popular  book  on  cookery  and 
the  art  of  housekeeping  at  that  period.     The  date  of  this  mem- 


Journal.  67 

orandum  is  presumed  to  be  1748.  A  charge  in  his  book  of 
accounts  kept  at  this  time,  and  which  was  among  the  relics 
of  Lawrence  Washington  sold  in  Philadelphia  in  the  spring  of 
1891,  would  fix  the  date  as  July  28th,  1748.  It  was  not  an  un 
usual  thing  for  Washington  in  his  youth  to  use  contractions  in 
writing  the  first  names  of  his  brothers,  the  following  are  exam 
ples:  Aus.,  Austin  for  Augustine ;  Sam  for  Samuel ;  Jack  and 
John,  simply  for  John  Augustine. 

In  the  Spectators  Read  to  N°  I4361 
Mem  : 

When  I  see  my  Brother  Austin  to  Enquire  of  him 
whether  He  is  the  Acting  Attorney  for  my  Brother 
and  as  my  Brother  Lawrence  left  Directions  with  the 
H.  on  W  Fx62  to  remit  his  Pay  as  Agetant  whether  it 
would  not  be  more  proper  to  keep  it  to  Pay  the  Notes 
of  Hand  thats  Daily  coming  against  him  and  to  Write 
Word  to  Williamsburg  to  Acquaint  his  Hon  :  my  B  : 
A :  to  write  him  word. 

61  This  is  about  the  only  record  Washington  has  left  of  his 
course  of  reading.     It  is  inferred  that  the  books  were  either  at 
"  Greenway  Court"  or  at   "Belvoir."     The  character  of  the 
works  he  selected  for  his  perusal  is  what  might  have  been  ex 
pected.  This  memorandum  also  exhibits  a  trait  in  his  character 
prominent  throughout  his  life,  that  of  giving  attention  to  mi 
nute  details  of  business.  It  may  truly  be  said  of  him  that  "  the 
boy  was  father  to  the  man." 

62  Honorable  William  Fairfax,  of  "  Belvoir,"  Fairfax  county, 
Ya.,  was  born  1691  in  Yorkshire,  England,  where  his  father 
that  year  became  high  sheriff  of  the  county.     His  father  was 
the  son  of  Henry  Fairfax,  2d  son  of  4th  Lord  Fairfax  and  Anna 
(Harrison)  Fairfax,  whose  sister,  Eleanora  Harrison,  of  South 
Cave,  married  in  1689,  Henry  Washington;  their  son,  Richard 
Washington,  who  resided  in  London,  was,  therefore,  an  English 
cousin  of  Wm.  Fairfax,  and  a  correspondent  both  of  his  and  of 
Col.  George  Washington's  (see  Washington's  correspondence, 


68  Journal. 

in  Sparks).  Win.  Fairfax  lost  his  father  when  quite  young 
and  was  educated  at  his  uncle's,  Sir  John  Lowther's  College. 
Through  the  influence  of  Capt.  Fairfax,  of  the  Royal  Navy,  lie 
entered  that  service  in  1 710  and  served  for  two  years.  He 
then  joined  the  British  army  in  Spain  under  Col.  Martin  Bladen, 
who  had  married  a  Fairfax,  and  was  stationed  at  St.  iJelena  in 
1716-17,  and  subsequently  at  the  Bahamas,  and  returned  to 
England  in  October,  1717.  Having  married  in  the  Bahamas, 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Maj.  Walker,  of  Nassau,  she  accompanied 
him  to  England.  In  1718  Wm.  Fairfax  was  sent  out  with 
Captain  or  Governor  Woodes  Rogers  as  chief  justice  to  sup 
press  the  pirates  infesting  the  West  Indies.  His  residence  was 
at  Nassau,  New  Providence.  The  business  for  which  he  ac 
cepted  office  having  been  completed  and  the  climate  not  being 
congenial,  he  in  1725  removed  to  New  England.  Here  he  re 
ceived  an  appointment  to  the  custom  house  at  Salem,  which  he 
held  until  1734.  While  a  resident  of  Salem,  his  first  wife  died 
and  was  buried  there.  His  son  George  William  was  born  in 
Nassau,  three  of  his  children  were  born  in  Salem.  Thomas,  of 
the  Royal  Navy,  was  killed  in  battle ;  Anne  married  Lawrence 
Washington,  and  was  the  first  mistress  of  Mount  Yernon ;  and 
Sarah  married  John  Carlyle,  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  who  was  a 
major  and  commissary  in  the  French  and  Indian  war.  Mr. 
Fairfax  married,  January  18,  1731,  Deborah  Clarke,  of  Salem, 
Mass.  Her  first  child  was  Bryan,  8th  Lord  Fairfax,  born  at 
Salem  1732,  but  better  known  as  the  Rev.  Bryan  Fairfax,  who 
died  in  1802.  In  1<34  Wm.  Fairfax  accepted  an  offer,  he  had 
before  declined,  to  remove  to  Virginia  and  act  as  agent  for  his 
cousin,  Lord  Thomas  Fairfax,  in  the  management  of  the  vast 
Fairfax  land  estate.  He  at  first  took  up  his  residence  in  West 
moreland  county  and  remained  there  for  several  years,  but  af 
terward  improved  the  plantation,  built  "Belvoir"  mansion,  six 
miles  below  "  Mount  Vernon,"  and  removed  to  it.  He  was 
residing  there  in  1739,  when  Lord  Fairfax  first  visited  Virginia 
and  made  it  his  home  for  a  year.  Wm.  Fairfax,  from  his  high 
character  and  acquaintance  with  business,  soon  came  to  the 
front  among  the  leading  men  in  Virginia.  Besides  being  agent 
for  his  cousin,  he  served  in  the  assembly  of  Virginia,  and  after 
the  death  of  John  Blair  was  president  of  the  Provincial  coun 
cil  and  collector  of  his  majesty's  customs  for  the  South  Poto 
mac.  His  second  wife  bore  him  two  children,  besides  Bryan 


Journal.  69 

already  mentioned,  "William  Henry,  killed  at  the  storming  of 
Quebec  in  1759 ;  and  Hannah,  who  married  Warner  Washing 
ton,  cousin  to  George  Washington.  William  Fairfax  was  a 
man  of  great  executive  ability  and  much  beloved  by  the  com 
munity.  He  died  September  3, 1757.  His  wife  survived  him 
but  a  few  years.  "  Belvoir  "  was  left  to  George  W.  Fairfax 
and  was  his  residence  until  he  went  to  England  in  1773. 

Memorandam  of  what  Cloths  I  Carry  into  Fairfax 

Razor63 

7  Shirts  2  D°  Carrd  by  Mr  Thornton64 
6  Linnen  Waistcoats 
i  Cloth  D°  - 

6  Bands65 

4  Neck  Cloths66 

7  Caps67  - 

63  The  razor  in  colonial  days  was  an  essential  part  of  a  gentle 
man's  toilet  outfit.     Washington  had  a  strong  beard  and  was 
early  called  upon  to  use  his  razor.     Long,  full  beards  were  not 
then  in  fashion  in  America.     It  is  a  notable  fact  that  there  is 
not  a  portrait  extant  of  an  American-born  patriot  or  statesman 
of  the  Revolutionary  period,  painted  with  a  full  beard.     This 
memorandum,  although  not  dated,  is  believed  to   have  been 
written  in  1748.     The  clean  shaven  face  was  constrained  by 
the  fashion  of  the  continent ;  and  prevailed  as  the  custom  in 
England  and  France  for  a  period  of  quite  75  years. 

64  The  Thorntons  intermarried  with  the  Washingtons. 

65  A  kind  of  shirt  collar. 

66  Neck  Cloths.  —  These  were  usually  made  of  fine  white 
cambric,  folded  wide,  were  wrapped  twice  around  the  neck  and 
worn  without  collars. 

67  Caps. —  The  number  here  will  attract  attention  considering 
the  list  of  other  articles  ;  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  it  was 
the  custom  at  that  period  for  both  men  and  women  to  wear 
caps  at  night  in  bed.     At  the  time  when  this  journal  was  writ- 


70  Journal. 

ten,  bed  rooms  were  not  heated,  hence  the  custom  of  warming 
beds  before  retiring  in  winter,  and  the  necessity  for  wearing 
night  caps  is  more  apparent,  and,  further,  the  head  was  fre 
quently  shaven  and  wigs  were  worn  during  the  day  by  many. 
It  is  the  tradition  that  Patrick  Henry  wore  at  home,  in  the  day, 
even,  when  not  in  full  dress,  a  "  tarred  cotton  cap,"  whilst  in 
public  he  wore  a  wig.  In  speaking,  when  he  was  earnestly 
moved,  a  striking  emphasis  of  his  is  said  to  have  been  a  rapid 
whirling  of  his  wig  around  his  head. 

M  :  the  regulater  of  my  watch   now  is  4  M  :  and 
over  the  fifth  from  the  Slow  end 

Twas  Perfect  Love  before   J      y  M   A    h-    w 

But  Now  I  do  adore  j 

What's  the  Noblest  Passion  of  the  Mind?     6:2: 
M  :  Delivered  Mrs  Humphras  this  30*  Day  of  Oc 
tober  2  Shirts  the  one  marked  G  W  the  other  not 
marked  i  pr  of  Hoes  &  one  Band  to  be  Washed  against 
November  Court  in  Frederick68 
68  At  this  point  in  the  journal  several  blank  pages  occur. 

Oh  Ye  Gods  why  should  my  Poor  Resistless  Heart 

Stand  to  oppose  thy  might  and  Power 
At  Last  surrender  to  cupids  feather'd  Dart 

And  now  lays  Bleeding  every  Hour 
For  her  that's  Pityless  of  my  grief  and  Woes 

And  will  not  on  me  Pity  take 
He  sleep  amongst  my  most  inveterate  Foes 

And  with  gladness  never  wish  to  wake 
In  deluding  sleepings  let  my  Eyelids  close 

That  in  an  enraptured  Dream  I  may 
In  a  soft  lulling  sleep  and  gentle  repose 

Possess  those  joys  denied  by  Day 


Journal.  7 1 

From  your  bright  sparkling  Eyes,  I  was  undone ; 
Rays,  you  have ;  more  transparent  than  the  Sun, 
Amidst  its  glory  in  the  rising  Day, 
None  can  you  equal  in  your  bright  array ; 
Constant  in  your  calm  and  unspotted  Mind  ; 
Equal  to  all,  but  will  to  none  Prove  kind, 
So  knowing,  seldom  one  so  Young,  you'l  Find. 
Ah  !  woe's  me,  that  I  should  Love  and  conceal"] 
Long  have  I  wish'd,  but  never  dare  reveal, 
Even  though  severely  Loves  Pains  I  feel :        j 
Xerxes  that  great,  was't  free  from  Cupids  Dart, 
And  all  the  greatest  Heroes,  felt  the  smart.69 

69  The  poetical  effusions  of  George  Washington  are  neither 
numerous  nor  notable.  The  specimens  here  given  are  found 
on  the  spare  pages  of  his  memoranda  mixed  in  with  his  notes  of 
surveys.  Some  leaves  are  missiug  at  this  point  and  the  conclud 
ing  lines  of  one  poem,  at  least,  are  lost. 

A  List  of  the  Peoples  Names  that 

I  have  Warrants  for70 

Acres 

Richard  Arnold  Frederick  C 400 

before  the  25th  Day  of  April 

Barnaby  M°Kannary  D° 400 

on  the  Lost  River71 

Silvenus  Smith D° 400 

John  Wilton D° 300 

James  McKoy D° 400 

James  Kinson D° 400 

Ann  Dunbarr  400 

Andw  Vincy  of  Augusta  400 

Robert  Denton           D° 400 


72  Journal. 

Acres 

John  Stackhouse  of  Fredk 400 

Sam1  Kinsman              D° 400 

Thos  Wiggans D° 400 

George  Horner D° 200 

Darby  McKeaver D° 400 

Josh  Howt :  frm  New  EnR     D° 400 

Jn°  Ellwick  Senr  of  Augusta 400 

James  Hamilton  Jr  400 

0  Land  warrants  were  granted  by  the  Crown,  by  the  Legisla 
ture  or  its  authorized  agent,  and  by  the  governors  of  the  prov 
inces.  A  warrant  had  the  character  of  a  commission  and  guar 
anteed  title.  Land  warrants  issued  in  accordance  with  law 
were  negotiable,  and  when  laid  and  the  survey  plotted  by  a 
licensed  surveyor  and  recorded  in  the  land  office,  were  main 
tained  by  the  courts  as  against  all  other  claimants. 

The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  an  order  from  G.  W.  Fair 
fax,  agent  of  Lord  Fairfax,  for  the  sale  of  unseated  lands  in  the 
"  Northern  Neck  of  Virginia  "  to  George  Washington  a  licensed 
surveyor  in  Virginia  as  his  warrant  to  survey  a  particular  par 
cel  of  land.  The  original  document  was  in  the  possession  of  J. 
A.  Russell,  Esq.,  of  New  Fork  city,  in  1869,  and  is  published  in 
the  Historical  Magazine  for  March  of  that  year,  p.  197 :  - 

"  To  MR.  G.  WASHINGTON 

"  WHEREAS,  Barthalamore  Anderson,  of  Frederick  County 
hath  Informed  that  there  are  about  Four  hundred  50  Acres  of 
Waste  and  Ungranted  Land  in  the  said  County,  formerly 
granted  to  Thomas  Morgan  ~by  Jost  Hite  as  p.  Bond  for  the 
same  &  by  Assignment  to  the  sd  Anderson,  on  Arnolds  Run 
a  branch  of  Shenandoah. 

"  And  Desiring  a  Warrant  to  survey  the  same  in  order  to  ob 
tain  a  Deed,  being  ready  to  Pay  the  Composition  and  Office 
Charges. 

"  These  are  therefore  to  Empower  You  the  sd  G.  Washing 
ton  to  survey  the  s(1  Waste  Land. 

"  Provided  this  be  the  first  Warrant  that  hath  Issued  for  the 
same  and  you  are  to  make  a  just,  true  and  Acurate  survey 


Journal.  73 

thereof,  Describing  the  courses  and  distances  p.  Pole,  also  the 
Buttings  and  Boundings  of  the  several  Persons  Lands  adjoin 
ing,  and  where  you  cannot  Join  on  any  known  Lines,  you  are 
to  make  Breadth  of  the  tract  to  bear  at  least  the  proportion  of 
one-third  part  of  the  length  as  the  Law  of  Virginia  Directs, 
you  are  also  to  Insert  the  Names  of  the  Pilot  and  Chain  Car 
riers  made  use  of  and  Employed,  a  Plat  of  which  sd  Survey 
with  this  Warrant  you  are  to  give  into  this  Office  any  time  be 
fore  the  twenty -fifth  Day  of  March  next  ensuing.  Given 
under  my  Hand  and  Seal  of  the  Proprietors  Office  this  thir 
teenth  day  of  Oct.  1750  in  the  Twenty-Fourth  year  of  His 
Majesty  King  George  the  Second's  Eeign. 

"G.W.FAIRFAX." 
[ENDORSED.] 

"  Barthalamore  Anderson' s  Warr  for  450  Acres 
"  Mr  Washington's  Retur'd  the  8th  Feby  1750-1. 

"  To  be  paid  p  Ld  Fx 
«  61 » 

71  Lost  River. —  This  stream  gets  its  name  from  the  fact  that 
for  three  miles  it  passes  out  of  sight  under  a  mountain  which 
lies  across  its  course.  It  rises  in  Hardy  county,  W.  Ya.,  and 
flows  in  a  north-easterly  direction  to  the  Cacapehon  river.  The 
following  diagram  is  made  from  a  pen  drawing  by  Washington 
in  his  field  note  book,  but  not  definitely  related  to  this  particu 
lar  survey. 

MY  LORD 

I  went  Last  Tuesday  not  knowing  your  Lordship 
had  that  very  Day  set  out  for  Neavils  to  see  whether 
you  had  any  further  Commands  or  directions  to  give 
concerning  the  Surveying  of  Cacapehon  and  as  your 
Lordship  was  not  at  Home  I  was  inform  by  Col°  G. 
Fairfax  that  you  had  not  any  Directions  in  Particu 
lar  more  than  were  given  to  the  other  Surveyors  as 
your  Lordship  had  mentioned  I  therefore  have  made 
bold  to  Proceed  on  General  Directions  from  him  as 
10 


74  Journal. 

Missing  this  Opportunity  of  Good  Weather  may  be  of 
considerable  Hindrance  I  shall  Wait  on  your  Lordship 
at  Frederick  Court  in  November  to  obey  your  further 
Pleasure  and  am  my  Lord  &72 

-  Here  terminates  the  entries  in  the  little  note  book,  con 
taining  "My  Journey  Over  the  Mountains."  It  is  proper  to 
state  that  the  journal  was  kept  in  a  small,  vellum-hound,  blank 
book,  6  by  3f  inches  in  size,  closely  written  on  both  sides  of 
the  leaf.  Either  from  a  desire  to  classify  his  memoranda,  or 
for  want  of  a  second  book,  or  from  some  motive  of  economy, 
he  turned  the  book  around  and  began  from  the  other  end  to 
keep  a  record  more  particularly  relating  to  his  surveys  and 
miscellaneous  affairs.  His  iield  notes  of  surveys  were  kept  in 
a  book  of  the  same  size  as  the  one  described,  from  which  the 
most  of  the  following  surveys  are  taken.  The  other  surveys 
are  found  on  loose  sheets  which  have  been  bound  and  denom 
inated  miscellaneous  papers ;  a  few  of  them  having  dates,  en 
ables  the  editor  to  place  them  in  chronological  order. 

Then  Survey'd  for  Mr  John   Monroe  ye  following 

Tract  of  land  bounded  as  follows 

Poles 

A     Beginning  at  a  marked  white  oak i  N  20  o     F  1 *o  68 

B     N  20  —  oo  E  toaChesnut \  *  2°"°     ^  I3°"°8 

C     Thence  to  a  Red  oak N  7i,,oo  E  116,44 

D    Thence  to  a  Spanish  oak  near  a  Swamp..  . .      S  73,, oo  E  i88,,24 

E     Thence  to  Hiccory S  44»°°  E  is8,,72 

F     Thence  to  a  red  oak  Stump. . S  I4,,oo  E  i86,,24 

G     Thence  to  a  Black  Gum S  88,,oo  VV  244,,oo 

From  thence  to  the  Beginning 

Then  survey'd  for  Mr  John  Watts  ye    Following 

Tract  of  Land  bounded  as  followeth 

Courses 

A     Beginning:  at  a  Marked  red  Oak /  c  T ,     „  ,  AV  „, 

B     S  15"  30  W  to  a  Sweet  Gum [Si53oW  400.56 

C     Thence  to  a  Chesnut S  59,,oo   W  200.40 

D     Thence  to  a  Walnut N  45,,oo  W  240.24 

E    Thence  to  a  White  Oak N  io,,oo    E  200.00 

F    Thence  to  a  Maple N  35, ,00    E  300.00 

From  thence  to  the  Beginning 


Journal.  75 

Then  Survey'd  for  Mr  Francis  Jett  the  following 
Tract  of  Land  bounded  as  follows 

A  Beginning  at  a  Marked  Hiccory  S  20.  W. .      .  )  c  A1T 

B  to  S  White  Oak [  S  2O"°°  W  I2° 

C  Thence  to  a  Walnut  Stump S  63,, oo  W  160 

D  Thence  to  a  Red  Oak  on  the  top  of  a  Hill..  . .     S  85,, oo  W  80 

E  Thence  to  a  Black  Gum  near  a  Valley N  66,, oo  W  116 

F  Thence  to  a  Dogwood  near  a  Swamp N  35, ,00  W  63 

G  Thence  to  a  Mulberry  standing  in  Corn-field.     N  35, ,00  E  97 

H  Thence  to  a  Sasafras N  45, ,00  E  157 

From  thence  to  the  Beginning 

Then  Survey'd  for  Cap*  Henry  Washington  ye  fol 
lowing  Tract  of  Land  bounded  as  follows 

Poles 

A  Beginning  at  a  red  Oak  S  25 — oo  W )  ^ 

B  near  the  road  running  to  a  red  Oak  Saplin. . .  f  '* 

C  Thence  to  white  Oak S  23—00    E  24 

D  Thence  to  Spanish  Oak S  55— oo  W  34 

E  Thence  to  a  Black  Gum ...     N  76 — oo  W  30 

F  Thence  to  a  Black  Oak... N  25— oo  W  62 

G  Thence  to  Caleb  Butlers  old  Field N  oo— oo  W  104 

H  Thence  to  a  White  Oak S  76—00   E  70 

I  Thence  to  a  Red  Oak N  78—00   E  56 

August  1 8th  1747  Then  survey'd  the  following 
Piece  of  Land  at  one  Station  in  the  School  House  old 
field  bounded  as  pr  field  Book.  Viz1  Beginning  near 
a  Persimon  within  ye  field  Extending  thence  to  a 
Fence  Stake  S  15 — oo  E  i65°,,oo' — 28  Pole  thence 
S  19 — oo  W  199° — oo' — 27.5  Pole  thence  S  47  W 
227° — oo' — 18.9  thence  S  76 — oo  W  256° — oo7 — 21.4 
thence  N  42  W  318° — oo' — 46.3  thence  N  29 — oo  E 
29° — oo7 — 34  Pole. 

October  ist  1747  Then  Survey'd  the  following 
Piece  of  Land  for  Mr  Richard  Roe  Bounded  as  fol 
lows  Beginning  at  a  Chesnut  extending  thence  S° 


76  Journal. 

20 — oo  W  38  Pole  thence  N  75 — ooW  39.7  P  thence 
N°  46 — oo  W  41.1  P  thence  S°  68 — oo  W  21.3  thence 
N°  29 — oo  W  25.3  thence  S°  77 — oo  E  4  Pole  thence 
N°  60 — oo  E  25.1  Pole  thence  S°  42 — oo  E  14  Pole 
thence  S°  79 — oo  E  14  Pole — thence  East  from  thence 
to  the  beginning  S  60 — 45 
E 


Then  Survey'd  for  Mr  Francis  Jett  the  following 
Tract  of  Land  Bounded  as  pr  Field  Book73 

A  N 56.15  Remarks    y«    distance 

B  N  51 — oo  E  39-19  from  A  to  B  being  Inac- 

C  S    65 — oo  E  34.14  cessable  I  took  an  Angle 

D  S   49—00  E  50.15  within  ye  field  from  A  to 

E  S    20 — oo  E  29.00  a  house  bearing  N  73°— 

F  S    70 — oo  W  62.13  oo  E  46  Pole  thence  to  B 

G  N  58—30  W  20.24  bearing  N  48— oo  W 

H  S    83—30  W  30.00 

Survey'd  for  Mrs  Elizabeth  Washington  ye  Following 
Tract  of  Land  whose  thirds  is  required  to  be  laid  off 
20  Pole  from  H  towards  K  &  the  Division  line  to  run 
towards  B  C74 

Courses  Dist :      Poles 

A  S  54,, oo  W  67,,oo 

B  N  45, ,00  W  36,,oo 

C  N  76,,oo  W  45,,- 

D  N  31, ,00  E  60,, —                             Acres         Roods         Perch  : 

E  N  56,,oo  E  35,,—                 Area         52  ,,             i  ,,              39 

F  N  21, ,00  E  30,,24 

G  S  51, ,00  E  40,, 20                    Scale  50  Parts  to  an  Inch. 

H  S  34,, oo  E  4i,,6o 

I  S  04,, oo  W  34,,2o 

SURVEY'D  For  Richard  Barnes  Gent"  of  Rich 
mond  County75  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  un- 
granted  Land  Situate  Lying  and  being  in  the  county 
of  Culpeper76  and  Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning 


Journal.  77 

75  For  this  survey  Washington  received  the  sum  of  £2  3s  Od 
on  the  25th  of  July,  1749,  as  shown  by  entry  in  his  cash  book ; 
a  copy  of  which  is  in  the  Toner  Collection,  Library  of  Congress, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

76  Culpeper  county,  Virginia,  was  formed  by  act  of  assembly 
in  1748,  and  named  in  honor  of  Lord  Thomas  Culpeper,  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia  from  1682  to  1686.     The  old  family  name 
was  spelled  with  two  p's,  but  in  using  the  name  as  a  locality 
one   p   is   dropped.     Its   original   form,   however,  was  Cole- 
peper.     The  widow  of  Lord  Culpeper  spelled  her  name  and 
wrote  it,  "Mar.  Culpeper  —  Leeds  Castle,    Dec.    19,    1706." 
Lord  Culpeper  and  Lord  Arlington  had  obtained  from  Charles 
II  in  1672  a  grant  of  proprietary  rights  over  the  whole  of 
Virginia,    but    within  a  short  time,  in  consequence  of  resist 
ance  by  the  colonists,  surrendered  all  except  quit  rents  and 
escheats,  and  a  duty  of  three   half-pence   per   pound    on  to 
bacco.     Two  years  after  ceasing  to  be   governor,    Lord   Cul 
peper,  who  had  become  by  purchase  sole  owner  of  the   grant, 
further   abandoned   all   his    rights   except   that    of    property 
in  the  lands  of  that  part  of  the  Northern  Neck  beyond  the 
Blue  Ridge,  with  an  annual  pension  of  £600  for  twenty  years 
in  lieu  of  what  he  gave  up.     This  estate  of  about  5,700,000 
acres  of  land  in  the  Shenandoah  valley  and  the  mountains  be 
yond,  went  to  his  daughter  and  heiress,  Catherine,  who  became 
the  wife  of  Thomas,  the  5th  Lord   Fairfax,  and  from  her  to 
their  son  Thomas  the  6th,  and  the  first  American  Lord  Fairfax 
of  Washington' s  time.     Lord  Culpeper  had  been  one  of  the 
commissioners  of  plantations  under  Charles  II,  and  was  a  man  of 
ability  for  business  and  public  affairs,  although  rapacious;  and, 
as  governor,  wholly  British,  without  that  sympathy  for  Virginia 
interest,  such  as  Berkeley,  with  all  his  faults,  had  shown.    The 
county  of  Culpeper,  however,  was  conspicuous  for  the  patriot 
ism  of  its  inhabitants  during  the  Revolution.     Her4 'minute 
men,"  Randolph  said  on  the  floor  of  the  United  States  Senate, 
"  were  raised  in  a  minute,  armed  in  a  minute,  marched  in  a 
minute,  fought  in  a  minute,  and  vanquished  in  a  minute." 
The  motto  on  their  flag  was,  "  The  Culpeper  Minute  Men," 
along  the  top  border;  in  the  center  a  curled  rattlesnake  with 
head  erect  and  rattling  tail;  on  either  side  the  words  "  Liberty 

—  or  Death ; "  and   beneath,  along  the  lower  border,  "  Don't 


78  Journal. 

Tread  on  Me."  In  the  clerk's  office  of  Cnlpeper  court  house 
is  recorded  the  following:  "20  July,  1T49  [O.  S.]  George 
Washington,  Gent.,  produced  a  commission  from  the  President 
and  Master  of  William  and  Mary  College,  appointing  him  to 
be  surveyor  of  this  county,  which  was  read,  and  thereupon  he 
took  the  usual  oaths,"  etc. 

at  three  white  Oaks  in  Normans  Line  and  Corner 
Trees  to  (Aaron  Pinson's  now)  Mr  Barnes's  Land 
&  Extending  thence  N°  42°  30'  Wl  Ninety  five  Poles 
to  a  branch  of  Flat  Run  Two  hundd  and  Eighteen 
Poles  to  a  Large  white  Oak  Corner  to  Norman  thence 
along  another  of  his  Lines  N°  39°  El  Thirty  four  Poles 
to  three  white  Oaks  &  a  Hickory  Cor:  to  the  said 
Norman  and  John  Roberts  thence  along  Robert's  Line 
S°  78°  Wl  One  hundd  and  Eighty  three  Poles  to  the 
Road  that  Leads  over  Norman's  Foard  Two  hundd 
and  Sixteen  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  in  a  Glade  Corr 
to  the  said  Roberts  and  Mr  Francis  Slaughter  thence 
with  the  said  Slaughters  Line  S°  5°  Wl  One  hundd  and 
Sixty  four  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  in  the  said 
Slaughter  Line  thence  leaving  his  Line  S°  66°  E* 
Two  hundd  and  thirty  Six  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks 
amongst  a  Parcel  of  Rock  Stones  Barnes's  Corner 
thence  with  his  Line  N°  53°  E1  One  hundd  and  Eighty 
Six  Poles  to  the  Beginning  Containing  Four  Hun 
dred  Acres  this  Twenty  Second  Day  of  July  1749. 
JOHN  LONEM 
EDWARD  CORDER 
EDWARD  HOG  AN  Marker 
by 

WASHINGTON  S  C  C77 


Vol  l.p  14 


^v  iSn+Hm^erylf  **t.  JOI+  A^tft^L^uSna  ^' 


A 

BOOK    of   PURVEYS 

Began 

JULY  22 


Journal.  79 

77  Washington,  S.  C.  C. —  This  is  supposed  to  be  an  official 
check  mark  signature  of  George  Washington  as  a  licensed  sur 
veyor  of  Culpeper  county.     The  plat  of  this  survey  is  published 
by   Sparks,  vol.  1,  p.  14,  and  is  reproduced  here,  as  the  editor 
has  failed,  so  far,  in   finding  the  original   among  any  of  the 
Washington  papers  extant.     The  plat  bears  date  two  days  after 
he  tiled  his  certificate  and  took  the  necessary  oath  before  the 
court  in  Culpeper  county  referred  to  in  the  preceding  note. 

SURVEY'D  For  Edward  Hogan  a  certain  Tract  of 
Waste  and  Ungranted  Land  Situate  Lying  and  being 
in  the  County  of  Augusta78  and  on  the  Lost  River  or 

78  Augusta  county,  and  also  Frederick  county,  were  formed 
in  1738,  out  of  Orange  county  which,  prior  to  that  date,  had 
embraced  all  of  Virginia  beyond  the  Blue  Ridge.     The  bounds 
of  Frederick  were  defined  as  follows :  the  Potomac  on  the  north, 
the  Blue  Ridge  on  the  east,  and  on  the  south  and  west  a  line 
drawn  from  the  head  spring  of  the  Hedgman  creek  to  the  head 
spring  of  the  Potomac;  all  beyond  this  line,  comprising  the 
immense  western  territory  belonging  to  Virginia,  constituted 
Augusta  county.     The  earliest  Frederick  county  court  was  held 
at  Winchester,  Nov.  11,  1743;  and  that  of  Augusta  county  was 
held  at  Beverley's  Mill  Place,  now  Staunton,  Dec.  9,  1745. 

Cacapehon  about  Six  Miles  within  the  Boundary  Line 
of  the  Northern  Neck  and  bounded  as  followeth 
Beginning  at  a  white  Oak  and  white  Pine  Saplins  on 
the  West  Side  of  the  River  and  Runs  thence  S°  68° 
E1  Two  hundred  and  Eighty  Poles  to  three  Chesnut 
Oaks  on  a  Steep  Mountain  Side  thence  N°  9°  El  Two 
hundred  and  three  Poles  to  three  Pines  on  the  Moun 
tain  Side  thence  N°  68°  W*  Two  hund*  and  Eighty 
Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  in  a  Drain  that  makes  from 
the  Mountains  thence  S°  2°  Wi  One  hundred  and 
thirty  two  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  thence  S°  22°  Wt 


So  Journal. 

Sixty  Eight  po.  to  the  Beginning  Containing  Three 

hundred  and  Thirty  five  Acres  this  Ist  Day  of  Novem 

her  I74979 

JOHN  LONEM  ) 

EDWARD  CORDER    j 

EDWARD  HOGAN  Marker 

by 

WASHINGTON  S  C  C 

79  The  notes  of  the  survey  of  land,  on  the  22d  July,  1749, 
for  Richard  Barnes,  and  that  of  November  12,  1749,  for  Ed 
ward  Hogan,  were  recorded  on  sheets  of  foolscap  paper,  and 
are  bound  up  with   other  early  miscellaneous  papers  of  George 
Washington,  preserved  in  the  Department  of  State.     They  are 
here  given  nearly  in  their  chronological  place. 

November  2d  1749  Then  Surveyd  for  Robert  Den- 
ton  a  certain  Tract  of  ungranted  Land  Situate  in 
Augusta  County  and  on  the  Lost  River  of  Cacapehon 
and  Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at  two  white 
Pines  and  a  Pitch  and  running  thence  S°  62  E1  Three 
Hundred  Poles  to  a  Chesnut,  Pine  and  Spanish  Oak 
on  a  Mountain  Side  thence  N°  28°  Et  Two  hundred  & 
Six  poles  to  two  white  Oakes  and  a  Hick,  thence 
leaving  the  Mountain  N°  62  Wl  Three  hund  poles  to 
two  Pines  and  a  white  Oak  on  a  steep  Hill  thence  to 
the  Beginning 

E  Plat  drawn 

ROBERT  DENTON,  Marker 

November  2d  1 7498°  Then  Survey'd  for  James  Ham- 

80  This  entry  is  in  a  new  book  of  the  same  dimensions  as  the 
one  described  ;  first  pages  of  it  are  blank  —  page  7  is  the  h'rst 
written  upon  ;  pages  8  and  9  gone ;  page  10  blank. 


Journal.  8 1 

ilton  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  lying  on  Caca- 
pehon  and  bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at  three 
Pines  on  a  Mountain  Side  Corner  to  Edward  Hogan 
and  running  thence  along  his  Line  N°  68  W*  Two 
Hundred  and  Eighty  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks 
another  of  his  Corner's  thence  along  the  Mountain 
Side  N°  27  Efc  Two  hundred  Poles  to  a  Poplar  a  Lynn 
&  white  Walnut  Trees  standing  on  the  Creek  thence 
crossing  the  Creek  S.  68  EfcTwo  hundred  and  Eighty 
Poles  to  a  Large  Black  Oak  and  two  Chesnut  Trees 
growing  from  one  Root  thence  to  the  Beginning  along 
the  side  of  an  Inaccessable  Mountain 

E.  Plat  drawn 

HOGAN  Marker 

Survey'd  for  Francis  McBride  Three  hundred  and 
Eighty  Six  Acres  and  a  Quarter  of  Waste  and  Un- 
granted  Land  Situate  Lying  and  being  in  the  County 
of  Augusta  and  on  the  Lost  River  or  Cacapehon  and 
Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at  three  Pines  on 
very  Hilly  Ground  and  on  the  West  Side  the  River 
and  Runs  thence  S°  62°  Efc  Three  hundred  Poles  to 
three  white  Oaks  on  the  brake  of  the  Mountains 
thence  S°  28°  Wl  Two  hundred  and  Six  Poles  to  two 
Black  Oaks  &  a  Dogwood  thence  N°  62°  W1  Three 
hundred  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  and  a  Hickory 
Saplins  on  the  Side  of  very  Hilly  Ground  thence  N° 
28°  E  Two  hundred  and  Six  Poles  to  the  Beginning 
this  third  Day  of  November  1749 
11 


82  Journal. 

November    <h   1 749     Then   Survey'd   for  William 

McBride  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted 
Land  Scituate  in  Augusta  County  and  on  the  Lost 
River  of  Cacapehon  and  Bounded  as  followeth  Begin 
ning  at  three  pines  Francis  McBrides  Corner  and  runs 
thence  with  his  Lines  S°  62°  El  Three  hundred  poles  to 
three  white  Oaks  another  of  his  Corners  thence  N° 
28°  Ei  Two  hundred  and  Six  Pole  to  three  white 
Oakes  thence  N°  62  Wl  Three  hundred  poles  to  two 
pines  &  a  red  Oak  On  a  steep  Hill  from  thence  to 
the  Begining 
E 

Plat  drawn 
JOHN  DONBARR  M : 

November  4th  1749  Then  Survey'd  for  Ann  Dun- 
barr  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Scituate  in  Au 
gusta  County  and  on  the  Lost  River  of  Cacapehon 
and  bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at  a  Pine  and 
white  Oak  pretty  High  up  a  Mountain  Side  and  run 
ning  thence  S°  65°  Efc  Three  hundred  Poles  to  a  white 
Oak  Chesnut  Oak  and  Maple  on  the  Mountain  Side 
near  a  Drain  thence  N°  25°  El  with  the  Mountain 
Two  hundred  and  twenty  Poles  to  three  white  Oak 
Saplins  by  a  Runside  thence  N°  65°  Wfc  Two  hundred 
and  twenty  Poles  to  a  red  Oak  and  Pine  on  the  Creek 
Side  thence  up  the  Mountain  Side  far  enough  to  make 
out  three  hund'd  Poles  from  thence  to  the  Beginning 

E  Plat  drawn 

JOHN  DONBARR  M. 


Joiirnal.  83 

November  5th  1749  Then  Surveyd  for  Mr  John 
Ellswick  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted 
Land  Situate  in  Augusta  County  on  the  Waters  of 
Cacapehon  and  bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at 
three  white  Oakes  Corner  to  Mrs  Ann  Dunbarr  and 
running  thence  along  the  Mountain  side  N°  25  E* 
One  hundred  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  in  very  Stony 
ground  thence  bearing  more  to  the  Mountain  N°  50 
E*  One  hundred  and  twenty  Poles  to  two  Chesnuts 
and  one  Chesnut  Oak  near  the  side  of  some  Large 
hanging  Rocks  on  the  side  of  a  Mountain  thence  N° 
65  W*  Three  hundred  Poles  to  three  white  Saplins 
in  the  Hollow  of  a  the  Mountains  near  the  Road  that 
leads  to  the  S°  Branch  thence  S  38  W*  One  hundred 
and  twenty  poles  to  Dunbarr's  Corner  on  the  Moun 
tain  thence  with  his  Line  S°  65  E  Three  hundred 
pole  to  the  B. 

E 

Plat  drawn 
Jos"  How  M. 

Survey'd  For  James  Scott  Three  hundred  and 
Eighty  Six  Acres  and  a  Quarter  of  Waste  and  Un 
granted  Land  Situate  Lying  and  being  in  the  County 
of  Augusta  and  on  the  Lost  River  or  Cacapehon  and 
Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at  a  Pine  a  Spruce 
Pine  and  Spanish  Oak  by  the  side  of  some  Large 
Rocks  on  the  East  Side  the  River  and  Runs  thence 
N°  55°  W  Three  hundred  Poles  to  three  Chesnut 
Oaks  on  Short  Hills  thence  over  the  Hills  N°  35°  E' 


84  Journal. 

Two  hundred  and  Six  Poles  to  a  Large  white  Oak  on 
the  Hills  or  Ridges  from  the  Mountains  thence  S° 
55°  El  Three  hundred  Poles  to  a  Hickory  red  Oak 
and  Maple  on  the  Mountain  Side  thence  S°  35°  Wl 
Two  hundred  and  Six  Poles  to  the  Beginning  this 
Sixth  Day  of  November  1749 

November  7  1749  Then  Survey'd  for  Mr  Josh  How 
a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted  Land  Lying 
in  Augusta  County  and  on  the  Lost  River  of  Caca- 
pehon  and  bounded  as  followeth  Beg.  at  a  Corner  of 
the  Land  Survey'd  for  James  Scott  a  Hickory  red 
Oak  and  Maple  on  the  Mountain  Side  and  running 
thence  along  the  Mountain  N°  35  Efc  Two  hundred 
and  Six  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  and  Maple  on  the 
Mountain  thence  leaving  the  Mountain  and  run  thence 
N°  55  W  60  p°  to  the  Road  Three  Hundred  Poles 
to  Red  Oak  Chesnut  Oak  and  Hickory  on  a  Moun 
tain  Side  thence  S°  35°  W'  Two  hundred  and  Six 
poles  to  a  Large  white  Oak  James  Scotts  Corner 
thence  with  his  line  S  55  El  Three  hundred  poles  to 
the  Beg  : 

E.  Plat  drawn 

JosH  How:  M. 

November  8th  1749  Then  Survey'd  for  Andrew 
Viney  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  Ungranted  Land 
Situate  in  Augusta  County  and  on  the  Lost  River  of 
Cacapehon  and  Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at  a 
Large  white  Pine  and  three  Lynn  Trees  growing  from 


Journal.  85 

one  Stump  &  runs  thence  N°  55°  W*  Three  hundred 
Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  in  amongst  the  Mountains 
thence  went  to  the  Beginning  and  runs  S°  35  Wl  Two 
hundred  &  six  poles  to  a  Maple  a  Lynn  and  Wild 
Cherry  Trees  on  the  Mountain  Side  just  on  the  Creek 
thence  N°  55  W*  Three  hundred  Poles  to  a  white  Oak 
and  a  Black  &  Hie.  Oak  from  thence  to  his  Opposite 
Corner  N°  35°  Ei 
E 

Plat  drawn 
ANDREW  VINEY  M 


November    ^th  1749  Then  Surveyd  for  Mr  Luke 

Collins  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted 
Land  Situate  in  the  County's  of  Augusta  and  Frede 
rick  &  on  the  Lost  River  of  Cacapehon  and  Bounded 
as  followeth  Beginning  at  two  Chesnut  Oaks  and  a 
Black  and  run  thence  S  55°  E*  48  po  to  Barnaby 
McHandry's  Corner  thence  with  his  Line  to  his  Cor 
ner  Lynn  Maple  &  Mountain  Burch  on  the  Mountain 
thence  along  the  Mountain  S  35°  W*  Two  hundred  and 
Six  po.  to  two  Mountain  Burches  and  a  Gum  thence 
N°  55  W1  three  hundd  poles  to  three  white  Oaks  from 
thence  to  the  Beg  : 

Plat  drawn 
SAML  MCHANDRY  M 


oth 
November    yth  1749  Then  Survey'd  for  Barnaby 


86  Journal. 

McHandry  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted 
Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County  on  the  Lost  River 
of  Cacapehon  and  Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning 
48  po.  below  William  Bakers  Corner  2  Chesnut  Oaks 
and  a  White  Oak  and  runs  thence  S°  55°  El  Two 
hundred  and  fifty  two  poles  to  two  Mountain  Burches 
and  a  white  Oak  on  the  M  side  thence  S°  35°  W1 
Two  hundred  and  fifty  two  po  to  a  Lynn  a  Maple 
and  a  Mountain  Burch  thence  N°  55°  Wl  Two  hun 
dred  and  Fifty  two  po  to  two  white  Oaks  and  a  Hick 
ory  from  thence  to  the  Beginning 

Plat  drawn 
WILLIAM  BAKER  M 

November       th   1749    Then  Surveyd  for  William 

Baker  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted  Land 
Situate  in  Frederick  County  &  on  the  Lost  River  of 
Cacapehon  and  Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at 
two  Chesnut  Oaks  and  a  red  Oak  in  amongst  very 
steep  pine  Hills  Sam1  Bakers  Corner  and  runs  then 
with  his  Line  S°  55°  El  Three  hundd  Poles  to  two 
Mountain  Burches  and  a  Chesn'  Oak  on  the  M  :  th : 
alB  the  Mountain  S°  55°  Wl  Two  hundd  &  Six  poles 
to  two  Mountain  Burches  and  a  white  Oak  thence 
N°  55  W  Three  hundred  poles  to  two  Chesnut  Oaks 
&  a  white  Oak  from  th.  to  the  Beg 

Plat  drawn 
SAML  BAKER 

November  ioth   1749    Then  Survey'd  for  Samuel 


Journal.  87 

Baker  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted  Land 
Situate  in  Frederick  County  and  on  the  Lost  River 
of  Cacapehon  and  Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning 
at  two  white  Oaks  near  very  Large  Rocks  and  runs 
thence  N°  55  W1  Three  Hundred  Poles  to  two  white 
Oaks  and  a  Black  on  the  Short  Hills  thence  went 
Back  to  the  Beginning  and  S°  25  W  Two  hundred 
and  fifteen  Poles  to  a  Chesnut  Oak  and  two  Mountain 
Burches  thence  N°  55  Wfc  Three  hundred  poles  to 
two  Chesnut  Oaks  and  a  red  Oak 

Plat  drawn 
SAML  BAKER  M 

November  uth  1749  Then  Surveyd  for  William 
Warden  a  certain  Tract  of  waste  and  ungranted  Land 
Situate  in  Frederick  County  and  on  the  Lost  River 
of  Cacapehon  and  Bounded  as  followeth  Beginning 
at  two  Hickorys  and  an  Elm  on  the  Creek  side  and 
runs  thence  S°  70°  W1  Two  hundd  &  twelve  Poles  to  a 
Spanish  Oak  a  Chesnut  &  a  Maple  thence  N°  20°  W: 
Three  hundred  poles  to  a  Chesnut  Oak  a  white  Oak 
and  Pine  thence  N°  80  E4  Two  hundd  and  twelve  pos 
and  from  thence  to  the  Beginning 
Plat  drawn 

SAML  BAKER  M ' : 

March  3oth  1750. 

Then  Survey'd  for  David  Edwards  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  and  on  Cacapehon  and  bounded  as  followeth 


88  Journal. 

Beg:  at  a  white  Oak  Josh  Edwards  Cor:  on  the  El 
side  the  River  &'run  thence  N°  70  Wl  176  po  to  the 
Creek  253  Po  to  another  of  J.  Edwards's  Cors  and 
three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  three  black  Oaks  near 
a  Large  Pine  on  the  Top  of  a  Hill  thence  N°  20  El 
Two  hundd  Poles  to  four  Pines  on  the  side  of  a  steep 
Hill  thence  S°  70°  El  Three  hundred  &  Forty  Poles 
to  an  Ash  on  the  Creek  side  near  a  fine  spring  thence 
to  the  BegK  412  Acres 
Plat  drawn 

JOHN  LONEM        j  -,„ 
SILVENUS  SMITH  [ 
DAVID  EDWARDS  Mr 

March  3oth  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  Thorn5  Edwards  a 
certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  and  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth 
BegK  at  2  Pines  on  the  side  of  a  Mountain  about  4 
Pole  from  the  Waggon  Road  that  leads  to  the  S° 
Branch  and  on  the  W*  Side  the  Creek  &  run  thence 
East  One  hundd  Pole  to  the  Creek  &  three  hund  and 
twenty  Poles  to  a  Red  Oak  white  Oak  and  Hickory 
on  the  side  of  a  steep  Hill  thence  South  Two  hundred 
Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  thence  West  20  Po:  to  the 
Creek  Three  hundred  &  twenty  Poles  to  a  white  Oak 
thence  North  Two  hundred  Poles  to  the  Beg.  con 
taining  four  hundd  acres 

JOHN  LONEM         )  ^7 
v.  T-  >  C  /ia : 

DAVID  EDWARDS  j 

GEORGE    HYATT         Plat  drawn 


Journal.  89 

March  3ist  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  George  Hyatt  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  on  a  branch  of  the 
N°  River  calld  Davids  Run  in  Frederick  County  Beg 
at  2  white  Oaks  on  the  side  of  a  Hill  in  very  stony 
ground  and  Run  thence  S°  70°  E*  One  hundd  &  Sev 
enty  two  Poles  to  a  Chesnut  Oak  amongst  a  Parcel 
of  Rocks  on  a  Ridge  of  a  Mountain  thence  N°  20° 
El. .  220  Po  to  the  Wagn  Road  that  leads  to  the  S° 
Branch  Two  hundd  and  Fifty  Poles  to  a  Hickory  & 
two  white  Oaks  thence  N°  70°  W*  One  hundd  &  Sev 
enty  two  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  on  a  Hill  thence 
S°  20  Wfc  Two  hundd  &  Fifty  three  Po:  tods  Begff 
Contff  272  Acres 

Plat  drawn 

JOHN  LONEM         \  C  M 
DAVID  EDWARDS  ) 
GEORGE  HYATT:     Markr. 

March  3ist  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  John  Parkes  Junr 
a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Lying  &  Situate  in 
Frederick  County  &  on  a  branch  of  Cacapehon  & 
bounded  as  followeth  beginning  at  two  Chesnut  Oaks 
near  a  Drain  of  the  Mountains  that  parts  a  Ridge  of 
Rocks  &  run  thence  S°  Er.  .Two  hundd  Poles  to  three 
white  Oaks  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  thence  N°  Efc. . 
Two  hund  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  at  the  foot  of 
the  sd  Mountain  thence  N°  W1  Two  hundd  Poles  to 
three  Pines  on  the  same  Ridge  we  began  at  thence 


90  Journal. 

S°  W*  Along  the  Ridge  Two  hundd  Poles  to  the  Beg: 
containing  250  Acres  Plat  drawn 

JOHN  LONEM         \  C  M 
DAVID  EDWARDS  j 
JOHN   PARKES  Markr 

April  2d  1750 

Then  Survey'cl  for  Even  Pugh  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  Waste  and  ungranted  Land  Situate  in 
Frederick  County  on  the  Trout  Run  a  branch  of  Ca- 
capehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg*  at  a  white  Oak 
&  two  Poplars  stand8  on  the  Run  &  Run  thence  S° 
85°  El  Three  hund  and  twenty  Poles  to  two  red  Oaks 
two  Gums  &  a  Maple  thence  N°  40°  W'  Three  hundd 
&  twenty  Poles  to  a  white  Oak  from  thence  to  the 

Beg:  S°  27  Wl  244  Po.  Con*  226 

Plat  drawn 
DAVID  EDWARDS 
JOSEPH  POWELL 
EVAN  PUGH  JUNR  Mark 

April  2d  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  Jacob  Pugh  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County 
and  on  a  branch  of  Cacapehon  calld  Trout  Run  begg 
at  a  Poplar  and  black  Walnut  on  Evan  Pugh's  Line 
on  the  branch  and  Run  thence  N°  50  Efc  One  hundd 
&  Sixty  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  in  a  Bottom  thence 
S°  40  El  Two  hundd  and  twenty  Poles  to  three  white 
Oaks  thence  S°  50  W1  One  hundd  &  Sixty  Poles  to 
two  red  Oaks  two  Gums  &  a  Maple  Evan  Pughs 


JOSEPH  POWELL    j 


Journal.  9 1 

Corner  thence  with  his  Line  N°   40  W1  Two   hundd 
and  twenty  Poles  to  the  begg  containing  220  Acres 

Plat  drawn 

DAVID  EDWARDS  )  ^  ^ 
JOSEPH  POWELL    j     ' 
EVAN  PUGH  JUNR  Mr 

April  2d  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  Joseph  Powell  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  Waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate  in 
Frederick  C:  &  on  a  branch  of  Cacapehon  calld 
Trouts  Run  begg  at  two  white  Oaks  in  a  bottom 
Jacob  Pughs  Corner  and  run  thence  with  his  Line 
S°  40°  E1  Two  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  three  white 
Oaks  another  of  J —  Pughs  Corner's  thence  N°  50  Efc 
One  hundd  &  Sixty  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  thence 
N°  40  Wfc  Two  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  two  Pines 
thence  S°  40  W*  One  hundd  &  Sixty  Poles  to  the  Beg: 
Containing  220  Acres  Plat  drawn 

JACOB  PUGH  )  c  M 
EVAN  PUGH  j  c 
JOSEPH  POWELL  M 

April  2d  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  Thorn8  Hughs  a 
certain  Tract  of  Waste  &  ungrand  Land  Situate  in 
Frederick  County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  boundd  as  fol- 
loweth  beg :  at  a  red  Oak  &  white  Oak  at  the  foot 
of  a  steep  Mountain  and  run  thence  N°  25  Wt  One 
hundd  and  Seventy  4.  Poles  to  an  Elm  &  red  Oak 
Saplins  thence  N°  45°  W .  .  .  Three  hundd  &  Forty 


92  Journal. 

Poles  to  two  Pines  on  a  Ridge  thence  N°  75°  El  Two 
hundd  Poles  to  two  red  Oaks  in  the  bottom  thence  S° 
25°  El  Three  hundcl  &  forty  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks 
near  the  lick  Branch  thence  to  the  beg.  Cong  419 
Acres  Plat  drawn 

JACOB  PUGH  \  c  .  M 
EVAN  PUGH  j 
WILLIAM  HUGH'S  Mr 

April  3d  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  Hugh  Hughs  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate  lying 
&  being  in  Frederick  County  &  on  Cacapehon  & 
bounded  as  followeth  beginning  at  two  swamp  white 
Oaks  standing  under  a  steep  hill  &  run  thence  N°  75 
W  Four  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  two  Pines  and  a 
Chesnut  Oak  on  the  Ridge  of  a  Mountain  thence  S° 
17  Wl  Two  hundd  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  thence  S° 
73°  El  at  72  p°  came  to  a  black  in  thorn5  Hughs's  Line 
about  80  po:  from  his  corner  at  192  Po  came  to  three 
white  Oaks  in  another  Line  of  Ths  Hughs's  four 
hundd  and  twenty  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  from 
thence  to  the  begg  Cong  480  Acres 

Plat  drawn 
JOHN  LONEM  )  r  M 
Jos"  POWELL  j  ( 
WILLIAM  HUGHS  Mr 

April  3d  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  William  Hughs  Senior 
a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 


Journal.  93 

County  and  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth 
beg.  at  two  swamp  white  Oaks  hugh  Hughs  Corner  & 
run  thence  N°  17  Efc  Two  hundd  Poles  to  three  white 
Oaks  near  the  Creek  thence  N°  73°  Wl  Three  hundd 
and  twenty  Poles  to  three  Pines  on  the  side  of  a 
Mountain  thence  S°  17°  W1.  .Two  hundd  Poles  to  the 
beg  :  containing  400  Acres 

Plat  drawn 

JOHN  LONEM          \  r  M 
JOSEPH  POWELL     j 
ELIAS  HUGHS  Mr 

April  4th  1 750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  William  Hughs  Junr 
a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate 
lying  and  being  in  Frederick  County  &  on  Cacapehon 
&  bounded  as  followeth  beg  at  three  white  Oaks  & 
run  thence  N°  73°  Wl  40  Pole  to  William  Hughs  Senr 
Corner  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  a  stake  thence 
N°  35°  Ei  Two  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  three  Gums 
in  a  Drain  of  the  Mountain  thence  S°  73°  E1  Three 
hundd  &  Eighty  Poles  to  two  white  Walnuts  thence 
to  the  beg  S°  47  W*  245  Po  Cong  460  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 

EVAN  PUGH 

ELIAS  HUGHS  —  Mr 

April  4th  1750  Plat  drawn - 

Then  Survey'd  for  Nicholas  Robinson  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth 


94  Journal. 

beginning  at  two  white  red  Oaks  about  two  pole 
below  a  spring  &  under  a  mountain  &  clift  of  Rocks 
&  run  thence  S°  45°  El  Two  hundd  &  sixty  Six  Pole 
thence  S°  45°  Wl  Two  hund'1  &  Forty  Pole  thence  N° 
45°  Wl  Two  hundd  £  Sixty  Six  Pole  to  2  Pines  &  i 
White  Oak  thence  N°  45°  E1  Two  hundd  &  Forty 
Poles  to  the  beg:  Containing  400  Acres 

JOHN  LONEM  -         \  c  M 
SAMUEL  BROWN       j 
NICHOLAS  ROBINSON  Mr 

April  5th  i  750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  William  Henry  Wei- 
ton  a  certain  Tract  of  390  Acres  of  waste  and  un- 
granted  Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County  &  on 
Cacaphon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg.  at  two  white 
Oaks  &  a  black  Oak  John  Woodfins  beg  :  Corner  & 
run  thence  S°  50°  Wl  Two  hundd  Poles  to  two  Pines 
high  on  a  mountain  Side  thence  S°  35°  E*  Two  hundd 
&  Sixty  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  in  William  Hughs 
Junr  Line  thence  with  his  Line  S°  73  El  100  Pole  to 
two  white  Walnuts  under  a  clift  of  Rocks  on  the 
Creek  William  Hughs  corner  thence  I  Went  back  to 
the  beg.  &  run  with  Woodfins  Line  S°  20  Efc  Eighty 
Six  Po:  crossing  Cacapehon  to  a  red  oak  &  white 
Walnut  thence  S°  El  One  hundd  &  sixty  one  Pole  to 
a  white  Oak  near  ye  foot  of  a  hill  then  close  the  Line 
The  above  Plat  begins  at  Woodfins  Corr  &  run 
N  Wl 

JOHN   LONEM  \  C  M 

SAMUEL  WOODFIN  j     '  1  JOHN  WELTON 


Journal.  95 

April  5th  1 750  Plat  drawn 

Then   Survey'd  for  Edward   Kinnison 
Junr  a  certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Situate  in  Fred 
erick  County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth 
beg.  at  two  red  Oaks  N.  Robn  Corner  about  2    Pole 
below  a  Spring  &  run  thence  S°  45°  Efc  Three  hundd 
&  Twenty  Poles  thence  N°  45   Efc  two   hundd   Poles 
thence  N°  45°  Wl  Three  hundd  &  Forty  Po.    to  two 
white  Oaks  under  a  mountain  &  clift  of  Rocks  thence 
to  the  beg. 
JOHN  LONEM  )  r   M 
SAML  BROWN  j  C*  1 
EDWARD  KINNISON  Mr 

April  5th  1 750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  John  Lonem  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  Lying  &  being  in 
Frederick  County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as 
followeth  beg:  at  two  white   Oaks  under  a  clift  of 
Rocks  Edward  Kinnison's  Corner  &  run   thence   N° 
37°  E'  Two  hundd  &  forty   Poles  to  two  hickorys  & 
white  Oak  on  a  Mountain  Side  thence  S°  53  E1  Two 
hundd  &  forty  Poles  thence  S°  38°  Wfc  274  Po.  to  In 
tersect  Kinnison  N  Wfc  Line  thence  N  Wfc  240  to  the 
begng  Cong—        -  390  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM  )  ^Jt,  ,, 
W  BROWN  }  CA"  Men 
NICHOLAS  ROBINSON  M 

April  ioth  1750  Plat  drawn. 

Then    Surveyd    for    Darby   McKeaver 


96  Journal. 

Senr81  a  certain  Tract  of  waste  &  ungranted  Land 
situate  Lying  &  being  in  Frederick  County  and  on 
Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg:  at  One  white 
Oak  &  two  hickorys  John  Lonems  Corner  &  run 
thence  N°  37  El  Two  hundd  and  twenty  Poles  to  2 
Pines  &  a  black  Oak  on  a  steep  Mountain  side  thence 
S°  53  El  Three  hundd  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  &  a 
Pine  thence  S°  37  Wl  Two  hundd  &  twenty  Poles 
from  thence  S°  53  Wl  60  Po  to  John  Lonem's  Corner 
Three  hundd  Poles  to  the  beg.  Cons  41 2 \  Acres 

JOHN  LOXEM         \c    M 
DAVID  EDWARDS  j 
JAMES  DILOUZA  Mr 

81  The  following  is  copied  from  a  patent  for  land  granted  to 
Darby  McKeaver,  Sr.,  recorded  at  Winchester,  Frederick  Co., 
Va.  The  survey  was  made  by  George  Washington,  but  it  is 
not  contained  in  the  field  note  book  of  surveys  of  "  My  Jour 
ney  over  the  Mountain,"  we  quote:  ;' Granted  by  Right  Hou 
Thomas  Lord  Fairfax  of  Cameron  to  Darby  McKeaver  Elder 
of  Frederick  Co.  Virginia.  Bounded  by  survey  of  a  tract  in 
s'd  County  on  Great  Cacapon  made  by  Mr  George  Washington. 
Beginning  at  two  Hickorys  &  a  white  Oak  John  Lonem's  Cor 
ner,  thence  N  37  E.  Two  hundred  and  twenty  poles  to  two 
Pines  &  a  Black  Oak  on  the  side  of  a  steep  mountain,  thence 
S.  53,  E.  Three  hundred  poles  to  two  White  Oaks  &  a  Pine  S. 
37  W.  Two  hundred  &  twenty  Poles,  Thence  N.  53,  W  Sixty 
Poles  to  John  Lonem's  Corner  Three  hundred  poles  to  the  be 
ginning,  containing  Four  hundred  and  twelve  and  a  half  acres. 

Patent  granted  October  7th  25th  year  of  the  Reign  of 
George  Second." 

April  ioth  1750-     -this  Card  to  Fo°  82 

Then    surveyd    for    Darby    McKeaver 
Junr  a  certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Fred- 


Journal.  97 

erick  County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  fol- 
loweth  beg:  at  a  red  Oak  &  Pine  about  a  Mile  & 
quarter  below  his  other  Survey  and  Run  thence  S°  53 
El  One  hundd  Poles  to  2  white  Oaks  thence  S°  20  Ei 
Two  hundd  &  thirty  eight  Poles  to  a  Spanish  Oak 
white  Oak  &  hickory  thence  S  37  W  ninety  two 
Poles  to  2  Pines  &  a  white  Oak  thence  N°  53  Wl 
Three  hundd  Poles  to  three  Pines  from  thence  to  the 
beg. 

JOHN  LONEM         \  C  M 
DAVID  EDWARDS  j 
JAMES  DILOUZA 


82  This  survey  has  a  cross  drawn  over  its  face  and  the  follow 
ing  words  added  after  the  date  :  this  Card  to  F°  82.  It  is  prob 
able  that  some  error  had  discovered  itself  when  an  attempt 
was  made  to  draw  a  plat  by  the  metes  and  bounds  as  given. 
As  this  illustrates  Washington's  careful  attention  to  details,  it 
is  given  just  as  he  left  it. 

April  ioth  1750 

Then  Surveyd  the  vacant  Lot  betwixt 
Darby  McKeaver  and  Son  in  Frederick  County  &  on 
Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg:  at  3  Pines 
Sons  Corner  near  the  Mountain  &  Run  thence  S°  37 
W*  Two  hundd  &  ninety  Six  Pole  to  Darbys  Line  & 
twenty  Pole  from  the  Corner  then  went  to  the  Corner 
&  run  with  his  Line  S°  53°  E*  &  so  Round  ye  whole 
binding  on  their  Lines  &  Corners 

JOHN  LONEM         \r  M 
DAVID  EDWARDS  j     ' 

13 


98  Journal. 

April  nth  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  John   Parke   Senr  a 
certain  Tract  of   waste    Land  situate   in   Frederick 
County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg: 
at  two  Pines  on  a  Mountain  Side  &  run  thence  S  57 
El  Three  hundd  &   twenty   Poles  to   a   Pine   &  two 
hickory  bushes  on  the  Top  of  a  clear  hill   thence   S° 
33°  W1  Two  hundd    Poles  to  2  white   Oaks  in    Level 
ground  thence  N°  57  Wl  200  Pole  to  the  Creek  Three 
hundd  &  twenty  Poles  from  thence  to  the  beg 
JOHN  LONEM         ) 
SILVENUS  SMITH  j 
RICHD  ARNOLD  —  SENR 

April  nth  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  Richard  Arnold  Junr 
a  certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg: 
at  a  black  Oak  &  hickory  at  the  foot  of  a  Mountain 
&  run  thence  S°  57  El  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles 
to  2  Pines  &  a  Spanish  thence  S°  33  Wl  Two  hundd 
Pole  to  a  hickory  black  Oak  &  white  Oak  thence  N° 
57  W1  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks 
from  thence  to  the  beg: 
JOHN  LONEM 
SILVENUS  SMITH 
RICHARD  ARNOLD  JUNR 

April  nth  1750 

Then  Survey'd  for  Mr  Joseph  Edwards 
a  certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 


Journal.  99 

County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg: 
at  a  black  Oak  &  hickory  at  the  foot  of  a  Mountain 
Richard  Arnold's  Corner  &  run  thence  with  his  Line 
S°  57  El  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  a  Pine  &  2 
Spanish  Oaks  another  of  Arnolds  Corner's  thence  N° 
33    El  Two   hundd  Poles  to  three  white  Oaks  by  a 
small  branch   near  a  Path  thence  N°.  57  Wl  Three 
hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  two  white  Oaks  on  the 
Mountain  side  thence  to  the  beg 
JOHN  LONEM          ) 
SILVENUS  SMITH    j 
RICHARD  ARNOLD  SENR 

April  12th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  James  Caudy  83  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County  & 
on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg  at  a  white 
Oak  on  the  East   Side  the   Creek  a  Corner  of  his 
Patent  Land  &  run  thence  S°  53  E4  200  Po  :  to  a  white 
Oak  on  a  Level  near  the  Waggon  Road  another  of 
his  Corners  thence  S°  37  W1  Ninety  Six  Poles  to  a 
white  Oak  in  Josh  Edwards  Line  thence  with  his  Line 
N°  57  W'  no  Po.  Josh  Edwards  Corner  thence  to  ye 
beg  containing  98  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM          ) 
SYLVENUS  SMITH  J 
RICHD  ARNOLD  JUNR 

83  One  of  the  natural  curiosities  of  West  Virginia  is 
"  Gaudy's  Castle,"  named  presumably  for  this  individual,  who, 
Kercheval  says,  had  taken  refuge  from  the  Indians  on  the  sum 
mit  of  a  stupendous  detached  rock  standing  out  from  a  precipi 
tous  mountain  side  and  having  an  elevation  of  several  hundred 
feet.  It  is  situated  a  couple  of  miles  above  the  forks  of  Capon. 


i  oo  Journal. 

April  12th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  Thomas  Parker  Senr 
a  certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  the  N°  River  of  Cacapehon  &  bounded 
as  followeth  beg  at  2  white  Oaks  on  ye  W.  side  the 
Creek  &  Run  thence  N°  36  Wl  Two  hundd  Pole  to 
a  Hickory  &  black  Oak  in  the  bent  of  the  Creek  th  : 
S°  54  Wl  Two  hundd  Pole  to  two  Pines  on  a  Stony  & 
Piney  Point  thence  S°  62  Wl  Eighty  four  Poles  to  a 
white  Oak  &  maple  on  ye  Creek  thence  S°  30  Wl  One 
hundd  &  Eighty  Poles  to  3  Pines  &  a  white  Oak  in 
flat  Level  Ground  from  thence  to  the  beg.  N°  38  El 
220  Cong  237  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM  \ 

RICHD  ARNOLD  SENR   j 
BARNABY  LYNCH  - 

April  13th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  Evan  Pugh  Junr  a 
certain   Tract   of   Waste   Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  on  a  very  small  branch  &  bounded  as  followeth 
beg  at  3  white  Oaks  on  a  Stony  Ridge  &  run  th  :  S° 
60  E1  One  hundd  &  Sixty  Po  :  to  two  Chesnut  Oaks 
&  a  Pine  th  :  N°  30  E1  One  hundd  &  Sixty  Pole  to  two 
red  Oaks  &  a  white  Oak  thence  N°  60  Wl  One  hundd 
&  Sixty  Pole  to  a  Ches1  Oak  &  black  Oak  on  a  Rocky 
Ridge  thence  S°  30  W  One  hundd  &  Sixty  Pole  to 
the  beg:  Cong  160 
JOHN  LONEM 
JAMES  THOMAS 
JACOB  PUGH  : 


Journal.  101 

April  13th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  Benjamin  Phipps  a 
certain  Tract  of  Waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate  in 
Frederick  County  &  on  the  North  River  of  Cacapehon 
&  bounded  as  followeth  beg:  at  a  white  red  &  Chesnut 
Oaks  on  ye  west  side  the  River  &  run  thence  N°  26 
Wfc  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  three  Pine  Saplins 
in  very  hilly  Ground  thence  S°  64  Wfc  Twohundd  Pole 
to  three  white  Oaks  on  the  Top  of  a  Mountain  thence 
S°  26  E1  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  3  white  Oaks 
in  a  hollow  th:  to  the  beg 

JOHN  LONEM  \  C-  M 

AARON  ASHBROOK  J     '  J 
BENJAMIN  PHIPPS  Mark. 

April  14th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  George  Nickson  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  the  N°  River  of  Cacapehon  &  bounded 
as  followeth  beg.  at  3  red  Oaks  on  the  River  Side  & 
W1  side  &  run  thence  N°  60  W1  Three  hundd  &  twenty 
Poles  to  2  Black  Oaks  &  a  Pine  thence  S  30  W*  Two 
hundred  Poles  to  a  white  Oak  &  Pine  in  the  fork  of 
three  hollows  thence  S°  60  E*  Three  hundd  &  twenty 
Pole  to  two  Pines  20  Po  x84  ye  Creek  thence  N°  30  E* 
Two  hundd  Poles  to  the  beg:  containing  400  Acres 

JOHN  LONEM    \  r   M 
JAMES  SMITH    j     ' 
GEORGE  NICKSON  Mr 

84  x  —  I  think  he  means  across. 


IO2  Journal. 

April  14th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  Josiah  Arnold  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County 
&  on  the  N°  River  of  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  fol- 
loweth  beg:  at  a  red  Oak  near  a  great  Rock  on  the 
East   side   ye  River  &  run   thence  N°  48  Wl  Three 
hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  two  Pines  thence  N°  42  El 
Two  hund11  Pole  thence  S°  48  El  Three  hundd  Poles 
to  the  Creek  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  2  Lynn 
Trees  &  a  Maple  thence  S°  42  Wl  to  the  beg:  contain 
ing  400  Acres 
JQHN  LONEM    ) 
JAMES  SMITH    j 
JOSIAH  ARNOLD 

April  14th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  James  Smith  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County 
&  on  the  N°  River  of  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  fol- 
loweth  beg:  at  a  hickory  &  Walnut  on  ye  Creek  Side 
&  west  Side  &  opposite  against  a  Pavement  of  Rocks 
&  run  thence  N°  48°  Wl  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles 
to  2  Pines  amongst  steep  Hills  thence  N°  42  E1  200 
Pole  to  2  Pines  thence  S°  48°  El  Three  hundd  & 
twenty  Poles  to  2  Pines  on  a  Mountain  Side  thence 
S°  42  W1  200  Pole  to  the  Beg:  Containing  400 
Acres 

JOHN  LONEM  ) 
GEORGE  NICKSON  j 
JAMES  SMITH 


Journal.  103 

April  1 6th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  John   Stackhouse  a 
certain  Tract  of  Waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate  in 
Frederick  County  &  on  the  N°  River  of  Cacapehon 
&  bounded  as  followeth  beg  at  a  Large  white  Oak  & 
hickory  on  the  E4  side  the  River  &  run  thence  N°  45 
W1  Three  hundd  &  five  Pole  thence  S°  Wl  Two  hundd 
&  Ten  Pole  thence  S°  E'  Three  hundd  &  five  Pole  to 
two  white  Oaks  in  a  small  Island  under  the  foot  of  a 
Mountain  thence  N°  Ei  Two  hundd  &ten  Pole  to  the 
beg.  Containing  400  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM  | 
JAMES  SMITH  j  " 
JOHN  STACKHOUSE 

April  1 6th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  James  Warden  the 
Vacant  Land  situate  in  Augusta  County  &  between 
ye  Lines  of  Andrew  Viney  &  Luke  Collins  on  the 
Lost  River  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg:  at  3  white 
Oaks  amongst  Piney  Hills  Luke  Collins's  Corner  & 
run  thence  with  his  Line  S°  55°  E*  Three  hundd  Poles 
to  two  Mountain  Burches  &  a  Gum  on  a  steep  Moun. 
side  thence  S°  35  Wfc  One  hundd  &  Seventy  Six  Pole 
to  a  Large  white  Pine  &  three  Lynn  Trees  growing 
from  one  Stump  Andw  Vineys  Corner  thence  with  his 
Line  N°  55  W1  Three  hundd  Poles  to  three  white 
Oaks  in  amongst  ye  Mountains  another  of  V.  Corners 
thence  to  ye  beg  Cong  330  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
JAMES  SCOTT 


1 04  Journal. 

April  1 6th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  the  Waste  Land  for 
Francis  McBride  &  Robert  Denton  between  their 
Lines  beg:  at  2  Pines  &  a  Spanish  Oak  on  the  left 
side  the  River  £  run  thence  N°  28°  El  128  Pole  to 
Frank  McBrides  Line  thence  up  his  Line  to  his  Cor. 
ner  N°  62°  Wl  72  Pole  to  McBrides  Corner  2  white 
Oaks  &  a  hickory 

when  plotted  of  is  from  Dentons 
Corner  to  McBrides,  North  148  thence  around  with 
there  Lines  containing  244  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
DANIEL  LIZENBY 
ROBT  DENTON 

April  1 8th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  David  Dunbar  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Augusta  County 
&  on  Cacapehon  £  bounded  as  followeth  beg  at  a 
white  Oak  Chesnut  Oak   £  Maple  Corner  to  Ann 
Dunbar  £  run  thence  S°  25°  Wl  Two  hundd  Poles  to 
3  white  Oaks  thence  N°  65  Wfc  Three  hundd  £  Eighty 
Poles  to   3  white  Oaks  at  the  foot  of  a   Mountain 
thence  to  John  Dunbar  corner  from  thence  with   his 
Line  to  y°  beg  ContR  425  Acres  this  Plat  beg:  at  John 
Dunbar's  beg.  Corner 
JOHN   LONEM 
DANIEL  LIZENBY 
WILLIAM  WARDEN 


Journal.  105 

April  19th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  William  Miller  Horse 
Jockey  a  certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Au 
gusta  County  &  on  the  Lost  River  of  Cacapehon  & 
bounded  as  followeth  beg  at  a  white  Oak   &  Spruce 
Pine  Edward  Hogan's  Corner  &  Run  thence  S°    10° 
Wl  Two  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  3  white  Oaks  on 
the  Edge  of  the  bottom  thence  S°  68  El  Two   hundd 
&  Eighty  Poles  to  2  Chesnut  Oaks  &  a  hickory  on  a 
Mountain  Side  thence  N°  10  Efc  Two  hundd  &  twenty 
Poles  to  another  of  Hogan's  Corners  thence  with  his 
Line  to  the  beg  Con*  380  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
DANL  LIZENBY 
WILLIAM  MILLER 

April  19th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  James  Thomas  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Augusta  County 
and  on  the  Lost  River  or  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as 
followeth  beg  at  two  white  Oaks  by  a  small  branch  & 
run  thence  S°  65°  Efc  Three  hundd  Pole  to  2  white 
Oaks  good  way  on  the  Mountain  side   thence   N°  25 
E*  Two  hundd  Pole  to  an  hickory  Maple  &  Ash  on  a 
Rocky  Run  thence  N°  65  W1  Three  hundd  Poles  to  3 
Pines  then  S°  25   Wl  Two  hundd   Poles  to  the  beg 
Cong  375  Acres 
JOHN    LONEM 
WILLIAM   MILLER 
ROBERT  DENTON 
14 


1 06  Journal. 

April  20th  i  750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  James  Dilouza  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County 
&  on  a    branch    of  the  N°  Branch  of   Cacapehon  & 
bounded  as  followeth  beg:  at  a  Chesnut  Oak  white 
Oak  &  hickory  on  a  hill  near  the  Mountain  Side  & 
run  thence  N°  52  Wl  Two  hundd  &  fifty  two  Poles  to 
a  white  Oak  &  black  Oak  thence  S°  38  Wl  Two  hundd 
&  fifty  two  Poles  to  3  Spanish  Oaks  on  ye  Mountain 
Side  thence  S°  52  E1  Two  hund(1  &  fifty  two  Poles  to 
3  Spanish  Oaks  on  a  Mountain  Side  thence  to  ye  beg: 
Cont*  397  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
JAMES  WARDEN 
JAMES  DILOUZA 

April  20th  i  750  Drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  David  Wood  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate  in  Augusta 
County  &  on  ye  N°  River  of  Cacapehon  &  bounded 
as  followeth  beg :  at  a  hickory  &  Walnut  against  a 
Pavement  of  Rocks  James  Smiths  Corner  &  Run 
thence  S°  42  Wl  two  hundd  Pole  to  a  white  Oak  & 
hickory  on  ye,  west  side  ye  Creek  thence  N°  48  Wl 

have  recourse  to  ye  returnd  Survey85 
JOHN  LONEM 
JOHN  STACKHOUSE 
DANIEL  WOOD 
85  This  line  is  written  in  pencil. 


Journal.  107 

April  20th  1 750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Jonathan  Arnold  a 
certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  ye  N°  River  of  Cacapehon  &  bounded 
as  followeth  beg:  at  a  white  Oak  &  hickory  on  ye  E' 
side  ye  River  David  Woods  Corner  &  Run  thence 
with  his  Line  N°  48  W'  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles 
to  his  corner  thence  S°  42  Wl  Two  hundd  Pole  thence 
S°  48  Efc  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  2  Pines 
thence  N°  42  E1  200  po86  to  ye  beg :  Contain*  400 
Acres 

320  N°  48  W*  320^1 

200  S°  42  W*  200  I  86 

S°  48  E<   320  f 

6400  ^400  N°  42  El   200  J 

640 

JOHN  LONEM 

JOHN  STACKHOUSE 

JONATHAN  ARNOLD 

86  The  last  line  and  the  record  of  courses  and  distances  and 
the  figuring  are  in  pencil. 

• 

April  2ist  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Robert  Lindsay  a 
certain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  ye  N°  River  of  Cacapehon  &  bounded 
as  followeth  beg  :  at  3  white  Oaks  &  on  ye  foot  of  a 
Mountain  &  run  thence  N°  48  W*  Three  hundd  & 
twenty  Poles  to  thence  N°  42  Ei  Two  hundd  Poles 
thence  S°  48  E1  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  a 


io8  Journal. 

forked  Pine  &  white  Oak  thence  S°  42  Wl  Two  hundd 
Poles  to  ye  beg :  containing  400  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
JOHN  STACKHOUSE 
JONATHAN  ARNOLD 

April  23d  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Henry  Enoch  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  at  ye  Fork  of  Caca- 
pehon  &  bounded  as  followeth   beg.   at  2  red  Oaks 
near  ye  Cacapehon  &  Run  thence  N°  12  El  Two  hundd 
Poles  to  red  Oak  &  Spanish  Oak  on  ye  side  of  a  steep 
Hill  thence  N°   78  W'  100  Pole  to  ye  Creek  Two 
hundd  &  Seventy  Poles  to  2  white  Oaks  &  a  red  Oak 
thence  S°  12°  Wl  200  Po  to  ye  N°  River  Two  hundd 
&  Sixty  Poles  to  2  white  Oaks  &  a  hickory  thence  to 
ye  beg:  S°  78  Wl  275  Poles  Con^  388  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM  j_ 
JOHN  KEITH   ) 
JOHN  CONSTANT 

April  23d  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  John  Newton  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick  County  & 
on  ye  N°  River  about  a  Mile  above  ye  Fork  and 
bounded  as  followeth  beg :  at  2  white  Oaks  &  a 
hickory  Henry  Enocks's  Corner  &  run  thence  with 
his  Line  N°  12  El  Two  hundd  &  Sixty  Poles  to 
another  of  Enocks  Corners  2  white  Oaks  &  red  Oak 
thence  West  Two  hundd  Poles  to  2  hickorys  &  a  Pine 


Journal.  109 

thence  S°  12  WfcTwo  hundd  &  Sixty  Poles  to  2  Pines 
in  clear  Ground  thence  East  200  to  ye  beg :  at  50  Po 
came  to  ye  N°  River  ConR  315  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM  \  r    n/r 
JOHN  KEITH  [  L'  A 
JOHN  CONSTANT  Marker 

April  24th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Thomas  Wiggans  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  Potomack  River  about  \  Mile  above 
ye  Mouth  of  great  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth 
beg:  at  a  white  Oak  a  white  Hickory  &  white  Wood 
Tree  just  on  ye  Mouth  of  Wiggan's  Run  &  opposite 
to  a  nob  of  ye  Mountains  in  Maryland  &  run  thence 
S°  25  W*  Two  hundd  &  twenty  Eight  Poles  to  a  white 
hickory  an  Elm  &  Mulberry  about  30  Pole  from  Ca 
capehon  thence  N°  75  Wfc  One  hundd  &  forty  Poles 
to  a  Chesnut  Oak  &  white  Oak  thence  N°  25  Et  Two 
hundd  &  Sixty  Poles  to  a  white  Oak  red  Oak  &  Iron 
Wood  on  ye  Riverside  thence  down  ye  several  Mean 
ders  thereof  S°  67^  Ei  37  Po  S°  58^  Et  74  Po  S°  55 
E1  to  ye  beg  Cong  210  Acres  — 
JOHN  LONEM 
ISAAC  DAWSON 
WILLIAM  WIGGANS 

April  24th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Than  Survey'd  for  Isaac  Dawson  a  cer 
tain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  Lying  &  being  in  a 


1 1  o  Journal. 

Neck  of  Land  between  Cacapehon  &  Potomack 
River  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg  at  a  white  Oak 
white  hickory  &  white  Wood  tree  Thorn5  Wiggans 
Cor.  &  run  thence  with  his  Line  S°  25  WlOnehundd 
&  Eighty  two  Poles  to  a  Walnut  &  hickory  in  Ts 
Wiggans  Line  thence  S°  75  El  twenty  Pole  to  2  white 
Oaks  on  ye  Creekside  thence  ye  several  Meanders 
thereof  N°  69  Ei  Thirty  six  po  S°  6oi  El  62  Po;  S° 
4oi  El  56,  S°  26  El  One  hundd  &  twelve  Po,  S°  59 
El  fifty  four  Po.,  N°  38  E1  Seventy  two  Pole,  N°  28 
El  Thirty  eight,  P°  N°  2  Wl  44  Po;  N°  56^  Wl  50 
N°  40  Wl  44  Po,  N°  51  W  26  Po  N°  42  Wl  52  Po. 
S°  ioi  El  42  to  ye  Mouth  of  ye  Creek  thence  up  ye 
Meanders  of  ye  River  N°  71  Wl  92  Po  N°  45  Wt  30 
Po.  to  ye  beg.  Cong  270  Acres  - 
JOHN  LONEM 
WILLIAM  WIGGANS 
ISAAC  DAWSON- 

April  24th  1 750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Thorn8  Williams  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Ld  Situate  just  below  ye  Mouth 
of  ye  Caca  &  on  Potomack  River  &  bounded  as  fol 
loweth  beg:  at  a  Maple  &  Sugar  at  ye  Mouth  of  ye 
Creek  &  Run  ye  Meanders  of  ye  River  S°  79  E1  90  Po 
S°  70  El  50  Pole  to  a  White  Oak  &  Sugar  tree  grow 
ing  together  at  ye  Top  by  ye  Mouth  of  a  gully  thence 
leaving  ye  River  &  Run  thence  S°  i  W1  One  hundd 
&  fifteen  Po  th—  S°  72  Wl  28  Po  to  ye  Ck  &  ope  to 
Dawson's  C:  ye  two  last  Courses  down  ye  Creek  are 


Journal.  1 1 1 

N°  42°  Wfc  35  P  N°  17°  Et  52  P  to  ye  beg  Con*  95 

Acs 

JOHN  LONEM 

WILLIAM  WIGGANS 

THOMS  WILLIAMS 

April  25th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Nicholas  Friend  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  on  Potomack 
River  about  2  Miles  below  ye  Mouth  of  Little  Caca- 
pehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg  at  2  hickorys  &  a 
Sugar  Tree  at  ye  Mouth  of  a  Run  on  ye  River  brink 
&  run  thence  S°  55  Efc  Sixty  Pole  to  two  Pines  on  ye 
top  of  a  Ridge  thence  S°  35  Wl  One  hundd  &  Sixty 
Poles  to  2  white  Oaks  &  an  ash  about  18  Pole  x  ye 
Run  we  began  at  thence  N°  55  W* One  hundd&  thirty 
Pole  to  2  Sycamores  on  ye  River  Side  thence  down 
ye  Meanders  of  ye  River  N°  4  Wl  fifty  four  Po.  N° 
28  E<  forty  Po.  N°  70  E  twenty  Six  Po.  N°  75  Et 
Twenty  one  Po.  N°  79^  Et  Thirty  Poles  S°  80  El  72 
Po.  to  ye  beg.  ConR  142  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
SAMUEL  PLUMB 
JOHN  FRIEND 

April  25th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  Friend  Cox  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  Ld  Situate  in  Frederick  Coty  &  on 
Potomack  &  Little  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  follow 
eth  beg.  at  2  hickorys  &  a  Spanish  Oak  at  ye  Mouth 
of  Little  Cacapehon  &  ye  lower  Side  &  run  thence  ye 


1 1 2  Journal. 

Meanders  of  ye  River  N°  84  El  thirty  Pole  S°   86  El 
Twenty  Eight  Pole  N°  65  El  68  Pole  East  forty  Pole 
to  2  Burches  thence  leaving  ye  River  S°    10   E*   Two 
hundd  &  forty  Poles  Run  S°  80  Wl  One  hund(1  &  thirty 
Poles  to  ye  Creek  then  N°  22  Wl  Sixty  Pole  N°  45^ 
Wl  100  Po  N°  12  El  30  N°  39  El  16  Po  N°  15  Wl  56 
Po  to  ye  beg  ConK  240  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
JOHN   PARKER 
RICHU  LANE 

April  26th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  John  Parker  of  S° 
Brch  a  certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate   in  Fred 
erick  &  on  Little  Cacapehon  &  about  \  Mile  above 
ye  Buffalo  Lick   &   bounded  as  followeth  beg:  at  a 
white  Oak  &  red  Oak  on  ye   hillside  &   Run  thence 
S°  50  E  Two  hundd  Pole  thence  S°  40  Wl  One  hundd 
&  Sixty  Pole  thence  N°  50  W1  Two  hundd  Pole  to  a 
black  Oak  Spanish  Oak  &  white  Oak  thence    N°   40 
El  One  hundd  &  Sixty  Poles  to   ye   Beg:  Containing 
200  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
HENRY  ENOCH 
JOHN  PARKER 

April  27th  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Silvenus  Smith  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  &  on  Cacapehon  &  bounded  as  followeth  beg: 
at  a  hickory  black  Oak  And  white  Oak  Richd  Arnolds 


Journal.  113 

Corner  &  run  thence  with  his  Line  N°  57  Wfc  Three 
hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  2  white  Oaks  another  of 
Arnolds  Corners  thence  S°  33  Wfc  One  hundd  & 
twenty  four  Poles  to  2  Pines  John  John  Parke  Senr 
Corner  thence  with  Parke's  Line  S°  57  E*  Three 
hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  a  Pine  &  two  hickorys  an 
other  of  Parke's  Corner  thence  to  ye  beg  :  find  ye 
Course  &  Quantity  87 
JOHN  LONEM  . . . 
RICHD  ARNOLD  JUNR 
SILVENUS  SMITH 

April  27th  1750  Plat  drawn. 

Then  Resurveyd  Darby  McKeaver's 
Junr  Land  beg.  at  a  red  Oak  &  Pine  his  old  Corner 
&  Run  thence  S°  53  E*  70  Po  to  a  hickory  &  black 
Oak  on  ye  Creek  Side  then  up  ye  Creek  S°  37  Wl  60 
to  2  black  Oaks  on  ye  Creek  Side  thence  S°  53  E*  230 
Po.  to  2  Chesnut  Oaks  &  a  black  on  Piney  Ground 
thence  S°  37  Wfc  140  Po  to  2  Pines  &  a  white  Oak 
thence  N°  53  W*  Three  hundd  Poles  to  three  Pines 

find  ye  Course  87 

from  thence  -*-  to  ye  beg :  Cong  315  Acres 
JOHN  LONEM 
SILVENUS  SMITH 
ROGER  PARKES 

87  Interlined  in  lead  pencil. 

April  28th  1750  Plat  drawn. 

Then  Surveyd  for  James  Mc  Cay  a  cer- 
15 


1 14  Journal. 

tain  Tract  of  Waste  Land  Situate  in  Frederick 
County  bounded  as  followeth  beg :  at  2  white  Oaks 
&  a  Gum  in  Level  Ld  about  10  Po  from  ye  Waggon 
rd  &  run  thence  S°  27  Wl  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Po 
to  3  white  Oaks  thence  N°  63  Wl  30  Po  to  ye  Waggon 
Road  that  Leads  up  ye  Creek  to  Woodfins  two  hundd 
Poles  to  2  Chesnut  Oaks  thence  N°  27  El  270  Po  to 
ye  Wagn  Road  Three  hundd  &  twenty  Poles  to  3 
Pines  thence  S°  63  Ei  Two  hundd  Pole  to  ye  beg 
Cong  400 
JOHN  LONEM 
DAVID  EDWARDS 

JAMES  MCCAY 

August  1 6th  1750  Plat  drawn. 

N.  B.   This  Plat  made  to  begin  at  ye  Double  hick 
ory  S°  iii  W*  280  po. 

Then  Survey'd  for  Mr  Edward  Musgrove 
a  certain  Tract  of  waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate 
in  Frederick  County  &  on  Shannondoah  River  & 
joining  his  Patent  Land  bounded  as  followeth  Beg.  at 
a  Corner  Stone  where  his  Corner  tree  stood  on  the 
River  Side  &  run  up  the  several  Courses  thereof  S° 
.  .  .63°..  .WL..40  poles  S°..43°.  .15"  Wl  60  poles  to 
an  Ash  on  the  River  Corner  to  William  Vestalls 
Patent  Land  thence  with  his  Lines  N°  40  Wl  Eight 
poles  to  a  white  Oak  Saplin  V.  C.  thence  S°.  .  70  Wl 
92  poles  to  i  blacks  oak  in  ye  fork  of  a  road  thence 
N°..3iJ-  El  426 — Poles  to  a  Double  hicy  Cornr  to 


Journal.  1 1 5 

Musgroves  Pa.  Ld  &  ye  pat.  Ld  of  John  Vestall  thence 
to  ye  beg  135  Acres— 
REUBEN  RUTHERFORD 
JOHN  MUSGROVE.  . 


I  NED  MUSGROVE  M* 


August  20th  1 750  Plats  drawn 

Then  Re  Survey'd  for  Richard  Stephen- 
son  and  William  Davis  a  certain  tract  of  waste  and 
ungranted  Land  beg :  at  i  Spanish  Oak  black  Oak  & 

white  Oak  &  run  thence  N° 10°.  .  .  E1  Forty  three 

poles  to  a  Large  hie :  in  a  hallow  thence  S°. .  .80  El 
One  hundd  poles  to  a  Large  white  Oak  &  small  hick 
ory  in  or  near  ye  Old  Corner  th :  S°.  .37.  .E*  One 
hundd  &  Eighty  four  poles  to  a  Dead  white  O.  &  liv 
ing  one  by  a  path  side  thence  N°.  .36.  .  . .  Efc  Thirty 
Six  poles  to  a  Stoopg  white  Oak  by  a  path  Side  Cor 
ner  to  a  tract  Survey'd  for  William  Davis  thence  S° 
— ^o°-4^ . .  .  E'  four  hundd  and  twelve  poles  to  a 
red  Oak  Another  Corner  of  William  Davis's  Land  in 
Col°  Geo.  Fairfax's  Line  thence  S°  41  Wfc  Three  hundd 
&  Ninety  Eight  Poles  to  a  hickory  Saplin  about  8 
pole  x  the  N°  Branch  of  Bullskin88  thence  N°..37° 
. . .  Wfc. .  .Two  hundd  &  Eighty  poles  to  small  hickory 
Saplins  about  90  pole  from  the  Corner  of  the  Patent 
Land  a  broken  topd  red  Oak  Pits's — Patent  thence 
with  his  Lines  N°  50  Ei  Seventy  poles  to  a  red  Oak 
in  Stephensons  clear'd  Ground — thence  N°  5  W4  242 
p  to  a  Corner-  -  Two  hundd  &  fifty  poles  to  2  hick- 
orys  thence  N^s^W1  160  po.  thence  N°  85°  30'  W* 
1 8  ps-  to  a  Large  white  Oak  by  a  parcel  of  Rocks 


1 1 6  JoiirnaL 

then  reduced  to  a  straight  Line  is  N°. .  .4o°-45'. .  Wl 
One  hundd  &  Seventy  One  po  thence  N°.  .  .80-  Wl 
Seventy  Eight  poles  to  the  beg  :  cong  810 
LEWIS  THOMAS  }  398 

WILLIAM  CRAWFORD     j  240 

DANIEL  MCKLEDUFF  Mr.  i~58 

88  Bullskin  is  a  small  stream  which  rises  within  the  present 
boundaries  of  Jefferson  county,  West  Virginia.  George  Wash 
ington,  and  also  his  brothers  Lawrence  and  John  Augustine, 
owned  large  tracts  of  land  in  the  vicinity  of  this  stream. 

August  21  to  23  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Survey'd  for  Majr  Lawrence 
Washington  the  Waste  Land  between  the  Lines  of 
Mr  Worthington  Davis  &  T  Keys  bounded  as  follow- 
eth  beg  at  4  Sycamores  standing  on  the  edge  of 
Worthington's  Run  being  his  C  :  &  run  thence  S°  72 
W'  Twenty  eight  Poles  to  a  red  Oak  thence  N°  78° 
E'  Two  hundd  &  Ninety  four  poles  to  several  small 
Saplins  Wory  beg.  Corner  thence  S°  20°  Wl  Two 
hundd  &  Sixty  poles  to  a  red  Oak,  thence  N°  70  Wi 
One  hundd  &  twenty  poles  to  a  white  Oak,  thence 
N°  20  Wl  Two  hundd  &  Seventy  Six  poles  to  a  white 
Oak,  Then  West  Forty  five  Poles  to  a  white  Oak 
hickory  &  Walnut  S°  10°  Wl  Five  hundd  &  forty  poles 
to  a  black  Oak  thence  S°  80°  E1  Sixty  poles  to  a  white 
Oak  thence  N°  10°  El  45  poles  to  a  C  :  of  Pitts's 
Patent  Land  Eighty  Eight  poles  to  a  Large  hickory 
in  a  hallow  Corner  to  ye  Ld  Surveyd  for  Davis  & 
Stephenson  thence  with  their  Lines  S°  80°  El  One 
hundd  poles  to  a  Large  white  Oak  &  small  hickory 


Journal.  117 

thence  S°  37^°  E<  One  hundd  &  Eighty  four  poles  to 
2  white  Oaks  one  of  them  Dead  by  a  path  side  thence 
N°  36  E*  Thirty  Six  poles  to  a  stooping  white  Oak  by 
the  S°  path  Corner  to  a  Sepee  Survey  made  for  Wil 
liam  Davis  thence  with  his  Lines  N°  29^°  E1  One 
hundd  &  fifty  Six  poles  to  2  red  Oaks  Davis's  Corner 
thence  to  a  Corner  of  his  Patent  Ld  S°  54  E*  Six 
poles  a  Large  red  Oak  ye  beg.  C.  of  his  Patent  (his 
patent  Lines  being  protracted)  went  to  ye  Corner  of 
Samuel  Waker's  Patent  Ld  now  W  a  white  Oak  & 
run  thence  along  his  Line  &  keys  S°  17  W  Three 
hundd  &  thirty  four  poles  to  2  red  Oaks  where  Keys 
Corner  shd  stand  the  Courses  being  protracted  thence 
S°  72°  Efc  Two  hundd  &  four  poles  to  a  hickory  on  the 
West  side  a  Meadow  where  Davis's  Patent  sd  Corner 
then  following  the  Courses  of  his  patent  S  W1  One 
hundd  &  Eight  poles  to  a  red  Oak  on  ye  side  of  a 
hill  (ye  patent  says  a  hickory  but  their  is  neither  Line 
or  Corner  to  be  found)  thence  N°  70°  W1  One  hundd 
&  forty  poles  to  a  black  Oak  &  white  Oak  Near  a 
glade  &  on  ye  N°  side  th:  N°  45°  W4  148  po:  to  a 
Large  Oak  in  a  small  hallow  thence  N  El  22  po  to  a 
hie:  Sap  th.  N  W1  76  poles  to  3  tri.  hie  near  a 
path  th.  N°  82  E'  82  poles  to  Davis's  patent  Cr 
WM  CRAWFORD  \  ^  ^ 
LEWIS  THOS  } 

DANIEL  MCKLEDUFF. 

August  23d  1750     Then    survey'd  for  Maj'r  Lawr 
Washington   of   Fairfax  County  a  certain  tract    of 


1 1 8  Journal.  t 

waste  and  ungranted  Land  in  Frederick  joining 
Worthington's  Land  and  Beg:  at  the  2d  corner  the  sd 
Worthington's  tract  a  red  Oak  and  extended  with  his 
Line  N°  70  W  one  hundred  and  twenty  poles  to 
white  Oak  thence  leaving  his  Lines  and  extended  S° 
60  W  one  hundred  and  seventy  four  poles  to  two 
white  Oaks,  one  double  stand'g  on  y'e  side  of  the 
Old  wag'11  Road  thence  N°  80  W  fifty  Six  poles  to  a 
white  Oak  and  hic'ry  in  Worthingtons  Line  thence 
with  his  Lines  S°  10  W.  two  hundred  poles  to  a  black 
Oak  thence  S°  80  E.  Sixty  poles  to  a  white  Oak 
thence  N°  10  E^  25  po  to  a  c'r  of  Pitts's  patent  L'd 
Eighty  eight  poles  to  a  large  hi'ry  c'r  to  a  survey  known 
by  that  of  Pitts's  now  Stephenson's  Jrthen  with  these 
Lines  S°  80  E[  one  hund'd  poles  to  a  large  white  Oak 
and  small  hic'ry  thence  S°  8;J  E^  one  hundred  & 
Eighty  four  poles  to  two  white  Oaks  one  of  them 
dead  &  stand's  by  a  path  thence  N°  86  El  thirty  six 
poles  to  a  Sloaping  white  Oak  on  the  edge  of  the  s'd 
path  c'r  to  a  survey  made  for  Wm  Davis  thence  with 
his  Lines  N°  29^  E'  one  hund'd  and  fifty  six  poles  to 
two  read  Oaks  S°  54  El  six  po  to  a  c'r  of  his  pat'd  L'd 
th :  with  a  Line  therof  N°  82  E!  82  po  to  3  live  hic'ry 
thence  N°  10  W.  one  hund'd  and  Eighty  four  poles 
and  S°  85  W.  One  hund'd  and  fifteen  poles  to  the 
Beg :  con'R  Six  hund'd  and  thirteen  acres. 
WM  CRAWFORD  | 
LEWIS  THOS  j  Per 

G.   WASHINGTON89 
89  The  field  notes  of  this  survey,  as  well  as  the  neatly  drawn 


Journal.  1 1 9 

plat  of  the  land,  is  on  one  side  of  a  large,  loose  foolscap  sheet  of 
paper,  and  all  in  the  handwriting  of  Washington.  As  the  dia 
gram  can  easily  be  reproduced  from  the  notes,  no  engraving  of 
it  is  given  in  this  work. 

August  24th  &  25th  Plats  drawn 

Survey'd  for  Majr  Law6  Washington 
ye  following  Tract  of  Land  Beg  at  3  Sycamores  a 
Corner  of  Rob1  Worthington's  Pa1  Ld  &  run  thence 
N°  10°  Wl  24  po.  to  a  white  Oak  another  of  W  Cr 
thence  N°  5  Wl  24  po.  to  a  hicky  another  of  Wg  Cr 
th  N°  2  El  42  po  to  a  hickory  W  C  thence  N°  24  Wl 
64  po  to  a  hie :  th.,  N°  49°  W'  46  po  to  a  white  Oak 
th  S°  W1  74  poles  to  a  white  Oak  th  S°  27  Wfc  28 
poles  to  a  white  Oak  &  hickory  th:  N°  65  W1  178 
poles  to  a  red  Oak  th  North  158  to  a  red  O.  th  West 
50  po  to  a  white  Oak  th  N°  1 10  poles  to  a  white  Oak 
&  red  Oak  on  ye  East  side  a  glade  another  Corner  of 
his  Patent  Ld  also  a  Corner  of  his  Survey  th  with 
those  Lines  N°  89  E*  208  po  to  a  Large  red  Oak  & 
small  hickory  th  N°  19^  E1  262  poles  to  3  Locusts  in 
a  Bottom  thence  leaving  his  Lines  &  run  th  N°  83° 
E*  1 8  po  to  a  Double  hickory  near  a  Limestone  Rock 
Henry  Bradshaws  Corner  th:  with  his  Lines  S°  70 
El  210  po  to  3  hickys  and  a  Locust  4  poles  from  a 
Large  red  Oak  on  a  Level  Bradshaws  Corner  th  N° 
20  E*  68  po  to  a  white  Oak  on  a  Level  in  Bradshaws 
Line  th  S°  50^  £^37  po  to  Captn  Rutherfords  beg 
Corner  of  his  p1  Ld  a  white  Oak  th  with  his  Lines  S° 
22  W1  255  po  to  a  red  Oak  and  white  Oak  thence 
S°  68°  Et  94  poles  to  a  Dead  red  Oak  2  small  hickys 


1 20  Journal. 

&  a  Locust  Rutherfords  Cr  also  Cr  to  Walter  Sherley 
th  :  with  Sherley's  Line  S°  13°  El  310  po  to  a  Scubby 
red  Oak  Sherley's  &  Nath1  Thomas's  Corner  th.  with 
Thomas's  Lines  West  One  hundd  &  twenty  poles  to 
a  red  Oak  and  white  Oak  th  S°  240  poles  to  2  red 
Oaks  &  an  hie.  ThosCr  in  Keys's  Line  th  with  Keys's 
Line  N°  72  Wl  Two  hundd  &  fifty  Six  poles  to  a 
white  Oak  on  Worth*  River  near  the  Mill  thence  N° 
2.  30  El  1 10  poles  to  ye  beg. 
WILLIAM  CRAWFORD 


r       C 

1  HOMAS  ^ARNY 

August  26th  1 750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Majr  Lawrence 
Washington  ye  Vacancy  between  Worthingtons  Lines 
beginning  at  ye  upper  Cr  of  ye  Surplus  Ld  2  white 
Oaks  on  ye  Edge  of  the  Barons  near  Smiths — Glade 
&  run  thence  with  Wy  Lines  S°  72  El  410  poles  to  to 
a  black  Oak  &  hie:  th  N°  9°  El  150  poles  to  a  hicky 
th  N°  68  Wl  Sixty  poles  to  a  white  Oak  N°  i°  E1  154 
po  to  a  red  Oak  th  West  no  po  to  a  white  Oak  th  : 
S°  35  W1  44  po  to  a  white  Oak  th-  N°  70  Wl  102 
poles  to  a  red  Oak  th  S°  89°  Wl  89  poles  to  a  white 
Oak  th  S°  13!  15'  Wfc  206  poles  to  ye  Beg  Cong  570 
Acres 

HUGH  RANKON  \ 
TIMOTHY  MCCARTY  j 
ROBT  WORTHINGTON  Marker 


August  28th  1750  plat  drawn 

Surveyd  for  Captn  George  Johnston 


Journal.  121 

a  certain  Tract  of  waste  &  ungranted  Land  Situate 
in  Frederick  County  &  on  ye  S°  Side  Bullskin  ye  S° 
Fork  thereof  &  bounded  as  followeth  Beginning  at  a 
Sycamore  standing  on  the  S°  side  Bullskin  Cr  to  ye 
Haynes's  and  Patrick  Matthews  and  run  thence  with 
ye  Haynes's  Line  N°  88°  W*  Three  hundd  Poles  to  a 
Large  hickory  another  of  the  Haynes's  Corner's 
thence  N°  82°  Wl  Two  hundd  &  Sixty  poles  to  a  white 
Oak  in  ye  Line  of  Dr  McCormick's  Patent  Ld  then  with 
his  Patent  Line  S°  27°  Wl  One  hundd  &  Sixty  Six 
poles  to  an  old  black  stump  in  ye  Barrens  sd  to  be 
McCormicks  Corner  th  N°  68°  W*  Ten  &  4  poles  to 
a  small  Locust  th  N°  55-  30  Wfc  Twenty  four  poles  to 
a  stake  near  ye  Middle  of  ye  Water  Course  thence  up 
ye  Water  N°  85^  Wl  Twelve  poles  to  a  Stake  near  ye 

Center  of  ye  Spring  thence  S° Fifty  poles  near  to 

a  small  red  Oak  &  hickory  in  ye  Barrens  then  East  Six 
hundd  &  thirty  poles  to  3  white  Oaks  in  Grubbs  Line 
thence  N°  ioi  Wl  Sixty  Six  poles  thence  N°  40°  E4- 
Twenty  six  poles  between  two  Walnut  Trees  th  N° 
36  E*  Fifty  poles  to  ye  beg :  Cong  552  Acres 
JOHN  JOHNSON 


C  C 

THOMAS  JONES  j" 

JOSHUA  HAYNES  Mr 

Octr  1 7th  Then  Surveyd  for  Mr  Thos  Loftan  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  &  und  Land  in  F.  Beg  at  a  white  Oak 
on  ye  N  Efc  Side  a  Meadow  Col°  George  Fairfax 
Cornr  &  run  thence  N°  7  E*  34  po  to  2  small  white 
Oaks  by  a  the  Road  that  Leads  to  Pennington  John- 
16 


1 2  2  Journal. 

ston's  &ca  then  S°  83  El  128  po  to  3  small  Locusts  in 
ye  Barrens  on  a  knowl  the.  S°  7  Wl  132  po  to  3  small 
Locust  by  a  path  Side  in  a  Valley  near  John  Cozines 
House  thence  N°  83  (Wl  128  po  to  2  red  Oaks  in 
Col°  G.  Fairfax's  Line  thence  with  his  Line  N°  7  El 
298  po  to  ye  Beg  Contg  265^  Acres  plat  drawn 
JOHN  COZINE  )  ^^ 

GEO.  SMITH    j  N.  B.  this  plat  beg  at  2  red 

Oaks  &  white  Oak  Col°  G. 
THOS  LOFTAN  Mr  Fx.  cr 

Oct.  1 8thi  750  Then  Surveyd  for  G.  Smith  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  Ld  Situate  in  Frederick  County  &  on 
Long  Marsh  beg  at  3  small  Locust  on  ye  N°  Side  Lg 
M  Thos  Loftans  Corner  &  run  thence  S°  E'  220  po  to 
3  white  Oak  Sap1  thence  S°  7  W1  200  po  to  Long 
Marsh  312  po  to  3  white  Oaks  th:  N  W1  220  po  to  a 
a  white  Oak  in  Thorn8  Loftan's  Line  &  38  po  from 
his  Cr  from  thence  with  his  Line  to  the  beg.  Cong 
335  Acres 

plat  drawn 
JOHN  COZINE      j 
THOMS  LOFTAN  ) 

X 

OWEN  THOS  Mr 

Octr  1 8th  Then  Survey'd  for  John  Cuszine  a  Tract  of 
Ld  Situate  &  joining  Col°  G.  Fairf*  Beg  at  a  hicky  & 
red  Oak  Fx  Cr  &  run  with  his  Line  S°  30  W'  220  po 
to  2  red  Oaks  in  his  Line  th  leaving  his  Line  S°  60  E* 
182  poles  to  a  hickory  on  a  Level  thence  N°  30  El  310 


Journal.  123 

po  to  G.  Smiths  Line  about  8  po  from  his  Cr  within 
his  Line  thence  with  his  Line  N°  45°  Wl  210  poles  to 
a  white  Oak  in  Thos  Loftans  Line  thence  with  his 
Line  S°  7  W*  20  poles  to  3  small  Locust  by  a  path 
his  Cr  thence  with  anr  of  his  Lines  N°  83  Wt  128 
poles  to  2  red  Oaks  his  Cr  in  Col°  G.  Fairfaxs  line 
thence  with  his  Lines  S°  7  Wfc  90  poles  to  a  large  white 
Oak  Fx  th  S°  60  El  90  poles  to  ye  beg  Cong  455 
Acres  plat  drawn 

THOS  LOFTAN  JUNR  )  ££ 
G.  SMITH  j 

JOHN  COZINE 

Octr  19th  Then  Surveyed  for  Isabella  Jump  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  &  ungranted  Ld  joining  her  Patent 
Ld  beg  at  a  white  Oak  near  a  path  &  run  thence  N° 
96  po  thence  S°  60  Wl  88  po  to  a  hicky  on  ye  rising 
of  a  knowl  thence  N°  73°  Wl  26  po  abl  a  rod  further 
than  a  Large  red  Oak  &  hicky  th:  N  4  Efc  84  po  to 
a  red  Oak  in  Thos  Colston  Ld  thence  with  his  Line  S° 
Wfc  125  po  to  a  hicky  near  a  path  about  40  yds  from 
Fairfax  Cy  Road  th  S°  76  El  194  po  to  ye  Beg  Con* 
65  Acres 

plat  drawn 

GEORGE  HAMPTON  | 
STEPHEN  SEBASTIAN  j 
JOSEPH  HAMPTON 

Octr  19th  Then  Surveyd  for  John  Vance  a  certain 
Tract  of  waste  Ld  joining  &  beg  at  a  hicky  Thos  Cols 
ton's  Cornr  &  run  thence  with  his  Line  N°  W*  120  po 


124  Journal. 

to  a  small  locust  &  red  Oak  in  rich  Barons  thence 
S°  Wl  200  po  near  a  small  white  Oak  &  burn't  topt 
D°  in  a  hollow  Glade  thence  S°  El  260  po.  near  2  red 
Oaks  on  a  knowl  in  ye  Barons  thence  N°  El  200  po  to 
a  hick7  on  a  knowl  thence  N°  26^-  E1  70  po  to  a  red 
Oak  in  Widow  Jumps  Line  th  with  her  Line  N°  76 
Wl  134  poles  to  ye  Beg  Cong  353  Acres 
WILLIAM  CRAWFORD  ) 

THO*  HAMPTON  }  C  C  Plat  drawn 

ALEXR  VANCE 

Oct1  19th  then  Survey'd  for  John  Anderson  Beg.  at  2 
red  Oaks  John  Vances  Cr  &  run  thence  S°  82  po  to  a 
hick7  &  red  Oak  on  a  knowl  thence  S°  54  Wl  114  to 
2  white  Oaks  in  Carter's  Line  thence  with  his  Line 
N°  58^  W'  140  po  th  N°  30  El  8  po  to  two  hick73  in 
Carters  Line  ye  Course  to  be  Drawn  straight  which  is 
N°  56  Wl  140  thence  N°  30  El  198  po  to  a  Large  red 
Oak  &  hick7  on  a  level  in  John  Vances  Line  thence 
with  his  th  S°  Et  150  po  to  ye  Beg  Cong  192  Acres 

Plat  drawn 
ISAAC  FOSTER    } 
RALPH  ^-         ^  L'  C' 


JOHN  MILLER  Mr 
260 
150 

Octr  22d  1750  Then  Surveyd  for  Isaac  Foster  a  certn 
Tract  of  Ld  beg:  at  2  white  Oak  in  Carters  Line  & 
run  thence  N°  50  El  23  po  to  a  red  Oak  abl  4  pole 


Journal.  125 

from  Fosters  house  th  N°  31^  E'  204  p°  to  a  hicy  & 
small  white  Oak  th  S°  66  El  45  po  to  a  small  white 
Oak  &  burnt  topt  D°  John  Vances  Cr  thence  with 
Vances  Line  S°  El  no  poles  to  a  large  red  Oak  & 
hicy  John  Andersons  Cr  in  Vances  Line  th  with  An 
dersons  Line  S°  30  W — ly  8  poles  to  2  hickys  in 
Messrs  Carters  Line  finally  along  Vances  Line  N°  56 
Wl  167  poles  to  ye  beg  Cong  203  Acres 
plat  drawn 

RALPH  CROFT       j 
JOHN  MILLER  Mr 


JOHN  ANDERSON    f        ^ 


Octr  22d  Then  Surveyd  for  Sam1  Isaac  Beg  at  2  white 
Oaks  in  Cr  Line  &  Isaac  Foster's  Cr  &  run  thence 
with  his  Lines  N°  50°  E*  23  po  to  a  red  Oak  th  N° 
31^  E*  206  po  to  a  hicy  th  N°  57  Wl  320  po  to  2 
small  Locust  &  one  hicky  in  a  clear  spot  then  S°  31^ 
Wl  206  po  to  5  red  Oak  Saplins  in  Carters  Line 
thence  with  his  Line  S°  56  E*  308  poles  to  ye  beg 
Cong  415  Acres 

plat  drawn 

JOHN  ANDERSON  j 
JOHN  MILLER  Mr 


RALPH  CROFT      , 


Octr  23d  Then  Surveyd  for  Captn  Isaac  Penington  a 
certain  Tract  of  waste  Ld  joining  his  own  Patent  Ld 
beg.  at  a  white  Oak  a  Cornr  of  his  Patent  Ld  &  run 
th  S°  45  Wl  30  po  to  Morris's  Patent  Cr  260  po  to  4 


126  Journal. 

small  black  Oaks  in  Sam1  Isaac's  Cr  thence  with  his 
Line  S°  57  El  298  to  a  hicky  his  Cr  likewise  Corner  to 
Isaac  foster  thence  with  his  Line  S°  66  El  45  po  to  a 
small  white  Oak  &  burnt  topt  D°  his  Cr  also  Cr  to 
John  Vance  thence  with  Vance's  Line  N  El  200  po 
to  a  small  Locust  &  red  Oak  in  Rich  Barons  in  Isaac 
Peningtons  Line  thence  with  his  Line  N°  Wl  335  to 
ye  Beg  Cong  445 

Plat  drawn 
HENRY  HENDRICKS 
JOHN  URTON 
ISAAC  PENINGTON  Mr 

Octr  23d  Then  Surveyd  for  Patrick  Rice  a  tract  of 
waste  Ld  on  ye  head  of  Long  Marsh  beg  at  2  white 
Oaks  on  ye  N°  Side  of  Long  Marsh  &  run  thence  S° 
22  Wl  154  po  to  2  red  Oak  Saplins  Nath1  Daughilys 
Cr  on  a  knowl  th  N°  68  W^  320  po  to  3  red  Oaks  in 
Rocky  Limestone  Ground  thence  N°  22  E1  200  po  to 
2  red  Oaks  &  one  white  O.  Saplins  near  a  stooping 
white  Oak  in  Limestones  th  S°  68  E'  320  po  to  2 
hickys  from  thence  to  ye  Beg  Contff  400  Acres 

Plat  drawn 
HENRY  HENDRICKS 

JOHN  URTON  C  C  N.  B.  this  plat  I  have  made 

to  begin  at  ye  two  red  Oaks 
PATRICK  RICE  Mr  on  ye  S°  side  Long  Marsh 

Octr  24.  Survey'd  for  John  Madden  a  tract  at  Joes 
Hole  beg  at  a  white  Oak  about  on  ye  Fairfax  Road  & 


Journal.  1 2  7 

Run  thence  S°  E'  200  near  3  Small  Locust  in  ye  Mh 
thence  S°  Wl  320  po  abl  i  pole  from  a  hicy  on  a  Lime 
stone  Ridge  thence  N°  Wl  200  po  to  a  Limestone 
Rock  4  M  near  two  small  mark'd  Red  Oak  Saplins  in 
Very  Rocky  Ground  th  N°  El  320  po  to  ye  Beg  Contg 
400  Acres  Plat  drawn 

THOMAS  HAMPTON  | 
JEREMIAH  WOOD  j 
JOHN  LINDSEY — Markr 


Octr  24th  Survey'd  for  Jeremiah  Wood  a  certain  Tract 
of  Waste  Ld  Begin  Carters  Line  &  Sam1  Isaac's  Cr  5 
red  Oaks  and  Run  thence  with  his  Line  N°  31^  El 
206  po  to  3  Small  Locusts  another  of  Isaac's  Cr  thence 
N°  60  W*  216  po  to  a  Dead  hickory  &  live  red  Oak 
&  white  Oak  Saplins  in  ye  Barains  th  S°  31^  W*  244 
po  to  a  red  Oak  in  Messrs  Corners  Line  thence  with 
his  S°  731  El  100  th  N°  60  E'  12  po  to  2  white  Oaks 
&  a  hick7  Carters  Corner  ye  Course  which  is  S°  89  Efc 
no  to  be  drawn  straight  th  to  ye  beg.  S°  56  E*  112 
poles  Contg  292  Acres 

SAML  ISAAC 
THOS  M°CLAHAN 
JERH  WOOD 

Octr  27th  then  Surveyd  for  Rob1  Ashby  Beg  at  2  white 
Oak  in  Carters  Line  &  run  thence  N°  n  W4  192  po 
to  a  forked  red  Oak  near  a  Glade  th  N°  81  El  333  po 
to  white  Oak  Saplins  &  one  red  Oak  320  po  to  Fair- 


128  Journal. 

fax  Road  th  S°  1 1  Ei  56  po  to  a  red  Oak  on  a  Ridge 
thence  S°  30  W1  76  po  to  a  red  Oak  white  Oak  & 
Locust  thence  S°  n  El  55  po  to  3  small  hicy  Saplins 
in  Messrs  Carters  Line  th  to  ye  Beg.  S°  77  W1  283 

poles  Cong  346  Acres 

plat  drawn 
JOHN  URTON 
STEP"  SOUTHERD 

ROBT  ASIIBY  Mr 

plat  drawn 

Octr  2Qth  Survey'd  for  Hannah  Southerd  late  Widow 
to  Peter  Camperlin  &  Jacob  &  Sam1  Camperlin  a 
certn  Tract  of  Waste  Ld  Beg.  at  a  fork'd  red  Oak  near 
a  Glade  &  run  thence  with  his  Line  N°  81°  El  333  po 
xing  Fairfax  Road  to  2  white  Oak  Saplins  &  one  red 
Oak  D°  thence  N°  05  Wl  182  po  to  red  Oak  in  Col° 
G  Fairfax's  Line  thence  with  his  Line  N°  75  W*  144 
po  to  a  red  Oak  Fx  Col°  Fx  Cr  also  Cr  to  Johnstons 
patent  th  with  his  Line  South  160  po.  to  a  Locust 
Stake  in  a  Corn  Field  th  N°  60  Wl  52  po  to  John 
stons  Cr  2  white  Oaks  then  went  to  ye  white  Oak 
Rob1  Ashbys  Cr  and  extendd  th  N°  1 1  W-  5 1  poles 
to  a  red  O.  white  O.  &  locust  in  Vances  Line  th  : 
with  Vances  Line  N°  El  31  poles  N°  26^  Ei  70  poles 
to  W.  Jumps  Line  th  :  to  ye  tother  Cr  Cong  311  Acres 
JOHN  URTON 

JOHN  SHEELY  this  plat  is  made  to  begn 

STEPHEN  SOUTIIERD  in    Widow    Jumps     Line 

Vance   cr  &   to  run    first 
with  Vances  Line 


Journal.  1 29 

Octr  29th  Survey'd  for  Rob1  Fox  a  Tract  Beg.  at  2 
white  Oaks  Robfc  Ashbys  Cr  in  Carters  Line  R  A 
&  run  thence  with  Ashbys  Line  N°  55  Wl  192  to  Ash 
bys  Cr  243  po  to  a  red  Oak  a  hicky  &  Locust  in 
Vances  Line  thence  with  his  Line  S°  Wfc  168  po  to 
Vances  Cr  3  red  Oaks  on  a  knowl  also  Cr  to  John 
Anderson  thence  with  Andersons  Line  S°  82  poles  to 
a  a  hickory  &  red  Oak  anothr  of  Andersons  Crs  thence 
S°  54  Wl  114  po  to  White  Oaks  in  Carters  Line 
thence  with  his  Line  S°  56  El  36  po  to  a  a  white  Oak 
&  hick7  in  ye  Turn  of  Carters  Line  thence  with  his 
Line  N°  79  Efc  237  poles  to  ye  Beg  Cong  1216  Acres 

Plat  drawn 
JOHN  URTON 


C  C 

JOHN  SHEELY  f 

ROBT  Fox 

Octr  30th  1750 

Surveyd  for  Captn  George  Neavil  a  Tract 
beg  at  a  Walnut  Morris's  patent  Cr  &  run  thence  N° 
W1  200  po  to  a  Spanish  Oak  on  a  Ridge  of  Rocks 
thence  S°  W*  321  po  two  red  Oak  Saplins  on  ye  N° 
Side  Fairfax  Road  thence  S°  Efc  200  po  to  3  red 
Oak  Saplins  th  N  50  Efc  52  po  to  a  red  Oak  Cr  to 
Morris's  Patent  thence  to  ye  Beg  Containing  400 
Acres  plat  drawn 

THOMAS  HAMPTON 
RICHD  HAMPTON  52 

FRANCIS  CARNEY  92 

744 

N.  B  I  have  made  the  above  Ld  a  parrallelogram 
17 


1 30  Journal. 

November  3d  1750  Plat  drawn 

Then  Surveyd  for  Captn  Marquis 
Calmes  Beg  on  ye  S°  Side  Bullskin  £  in  Captn  G'. 
Johnstons  Line  3  white  Oak  &  run  th.  with  his  Line 
N°  20  po  to  a  stake  in  ye  Center  spring  of  head  of 
Bullskin  Johnstone  Cr  th  down  ye  Water  Course  S°  5^ 
El  12  po  £  to  a  stake  in  ye  stream  another  of  John 
ston's  Qs  thence  leaving  ye  Water  &  run  thence  N°  5 
El  148  po  to  a  red  Oak  th  N°  48  El  19  pole  to  a  red 
Oak  in  D^  M^Cormick's  Line  th  with  his  Line  N°  24 
po  to  a  hicky  &  red  Oak  McCormicks  Cr  the  true  Cr 
is  N°  35  El-  126  to  a  double  red  Oak  ye  pat1  mentions 
a  hicy  at  256  po:  N°  258  Pole  to  a  red  Oak  Wal 
nut  &  Locust  in  a  rich  spot  of  Ground  th  S°  80  W1 
192  po  to  3  White  Oaks  on  a  Stoney  Ridge  th  N°  60 
W*  148  po.  to  3  red  Oaks  on  a  Stony  Ridge  th  S° 
30  Wl  380  po  to  2  small  hickorys  near  two  white  Oaks 
thence  S°  52  El  428  poles  to  a  white  Oak  &  two  red 
Oaks  thence  N°  85  Et  40  po  to  ye  Beg  Contg  1170 
Acres 

ROERT  WORTHINGTON  )     ~    ~ 

JAMES  MCCORMICK         j 

CAPTN  MARQUIS  CALMES  Marker 


Beg  at  a  red  Oak  and  hick7  Davis's  &  Stephen- 
sons  Cr  &  run  thence  S°  42  -  -  15  W*  220  po  to  ye 
Marsh  240  po  to  a  small  white  Oak  in  Stephensons 
Line  294  po  to  a  stake  near  a  markt  white  Oak 
thence  S°  30  El  20  poles  to  a  white  Oak  Col°  G  Fx's 


Journal.  1 3 1 

Corner  thence  to  ye  beg  ye  above  was  an  addition 
made  to  Mr  Fairfaxs  Tract90 

90  The  survey  of  November  3d,  1750  for  Captain  Marquis 
Calmes  has  several  pencil  lines  drawn  across  it,  with  the  mem 
orandum  also  in  pencil  and  in  Washington's  handwriting : — 
"  Get  y?  last  Surveys  returnd  to  ye  Office ". 


INDEX. 


Academy  attended,  11. 
Academy  in  Westmoreland,  11. 
Agent  of  Lord  Fairfax,  68. 
Ague  and  fever,  66. 
Alexandria,  charter  for,  53. 
Alexandria,    course    of     river 

front,  56. 
Alleghany   mountains,  12,  25, 

29,  32. 

Ambler.  Edward,  18,  60. 
Anderson.  Bartholamore,  73. 
Anderson.  John,  124, 125, 129. 
Antietam  creek,  31. 
Appalachian  range,  21. 
Arlington.  Lord,  77. 
Arnold.  Jonathan,  107,  108. 
Arnold.  Josiah,  102. 
Arnold.   Kichard,  Sr.,  71,  98, 

99,  100. 
Arnold.   Eichard,  Jr.,   98,  99, 

113. 

Ash  tree,  44,  48,  88. 
Ashby.  Capt,  21. 
Ashby.  Henry,  28,  39,  55. 
Ashby.  Robert,  28, 55, 128, 129. 
Ashby.  Geiil.  T.  W.,  22. 
Ashby's  Bent,  52. 
Ashby's  Ferry,  47. 
Ashby's  Gap,  19. 
Assembly  of  Ya.,  26,  68. 
Augusta  Co.,  Ya.,  20,  25,  40, 

80,  81,  82,  83,  104, 105, 106. 


Augusta   Co.,  Ya.,   boundary, 

55. 
Augusta  Co.,  Ya.,  formed,  79. 

Baggage  came,  28. 

Baker.  Samuel,  86,  87. 

Baker.  William,  86. 

Baltimore.  Lord,  32. 

Barbadoes,  island  of,  30,  54. 

Barnes,  Richard,  Gent.,  76,  77, 
78,  80. 

Baronies  or  manors,  39. 

Barony  of  Cameron,  24. 

Barwick.  Thomas,  29. 

Bath,  England,  19. 

Bath  Warm  Springs,  Ya.,  29, 
30. 

Battle  between  Delawares  and 
Catawbas,  37. 

Beards,  full,  not  in  fashion,  69. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  36. 

Beautifully  kept  copy  book,  10. 

Bed-rooms  rarely  heated,  70. 

Beds,  poor,  26. 

Belvoir,  books  at,  67,  68. 

Belvoir  estate  described,  17. 

Belvoir  in  view  from  Mt.  Yer- 
non,  15. 

Belvoir  mansion  burnt,  18,  19. 

Belvoir,  the  home  of  the  Fair 
faxes,  15. 

"Bent,"  a  large  river  bottom,  52. 


134 


Index. 


Berkeley  Co.,  Va,,  18,  50. 

Berkeley.  Governor,  77. 

Beverley  manor,  40. 

Beverley  Mills,now  Stanton,79. 

Big  Kettle,  32. 

Big  Shawnee  Spring,  25. 

Big  Spoon,  32. 

Black  oak,  81. 

Black  smith,  48. 

Black  walnut,  28,  47,  48. 

Blackburn.  Col.,  28. 

Bladen.  Col.  Martin,  68. 

Bladen.  Gov.  Thomas,  31. 

Blair.  John,  68. 

"  Blaze,"  a  surveyor's  term,  47. 

"  Blazed"  trees,  47. 

Blue  ridge,  12,  20,  21,  51. 

Born  a  leader,  9. 

Braddock.  General,  20,  31. 

Bradshaw.  Henry,  119. 

Brentville,  21. 

Brother  Austin,  67. 

Brother  Lawrence,  52,  66,  67. 

Brown.  Samuel,  95. 

Buffalo  paths  and  Indian  trails, 

52. 

Bull  Run,  21. 
Bullskin  creek,  115,  121. 
Burch  trees,  85,  86,  87. 
Burroughs.  Ann,  20. 
Burwell's  Island,  21. 
Butler.  Jane,  first  wife  of  A. 

W.,  52. 

Cacapehon  mountain,  40. 

Cacapehon  river,  73,  79,  80, 
81,  85,  86,  88,  89,  91,  92,  93, 
95,  96,  101,  102,  103,  105, 
106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  112. 

Calmes.  Captain  Marquis,  130. 

Camp  at  Mr.  Stumps,  41,  42. 


Campbell.  Maj.,  29. 

Camperlin.  Jacob,  128. 

Camperlin.  Peter,  128. 

Camperlin.  Samuel,  128. 

Canoe,  crossed  Potomac  to  Md., 
30. 

Canoe,  recrossed  to  Virginia, 
34. 

Carlyle.  John,  53,  68. 

Carney.  Francis,  129. 

Carney.  Thomas,  120. 

Carter's  line,  124,  125, 127, 129. 

Carthegenia  expedition,  53. 

Cary.  Anna,  60. 

Gary.  Elizabeth,  60. 

Car'y.  Mary,  18,  59,  60. 

Cary.  Sarah,  18,  60. 

Cary.  Wilson,  18,  59. 

Cary.  Wilson  Miles,  60. 

Cassey.  Peter,  49,  50. 

Catawba  Indians,  36. 

Gates'  marsh,  25,  26,  27,  56. 

Gaudy.  James,  99. 

Gaudy's  Castle,  99. 

Cellars.  Elias,  42. 

Chainmen  on  surveys,  28,  39, 
55,  78,  79,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92, 
93,  94,  95,  96,  97,  101,  109, 
117,  120,  122,123,124,126, 
127. 

Charles  II,  77. 

Charlottsburg,  now  Cumber 
land,  65. 

Chartier's  creek,  Pa.,  20. 

Char  tier's  creek,  town  projected 
at,  65. 

Chestnut  trees,  75,  81. 

Chestnut  oak,  42,  44,  48,  87. 

Chinese  table  furniture,  36. 

Chips  for  plates,  51. 

Clay  Lick  Run,  39,  40. 


Index. 


135 


Clark.  Deborah,  68. 
Clean  shaved  faces,  69. 
Clearfield  Co.,  Pa.,  50. 
Coady's  on  Great  Cacapehon, 

51. 
Coburns  early  settlers  in  valley, 

38. 

Cohongoruton  or  Potomac,  29. 
Colchester,   Fairfax    Co.    char 
ter,  53. 

Colins.  John,  51. 
Collector  of  customs,  68. 
Collins.  Luke,  85,  103. 
Colston,  Raleigh,  Esq.,  24. 
Colston.  Thomas,  123. 
Columbia,  Pa.,  30. 
Commission  of  plantations,  77. 
Constant.  John,  108,   109. 
Continental  Army,  46. 
Contraction  of  first  names,  67. 
Cooked  their  own  meats,  51. 
Corder.  Edward,  78,  79,  95. 
Corner  trees  blaze,  47. 
Coryat.  Thomas,  35. 
Council  with  Indians,  64. 
Course  of  river  at   Alexandria, 

56. 
Court,  November,  in  Frederick 

Co.,  70. 

Cox.  Friend,  111. 
Cozine.  John,  27. 
Cozine's.  John,  house,  122, 

123. 

Craig.  Major  Isaac,  21. 
Crawford.  William,    116,  117, 

118,  120,  124. 
Cresap.  Col.   Thomas,   30,  31, 

32,  33,  34,  64. 
Cresap.  Daniel,  32. 
Cresap.  Michael,  32. 
Cresap's  map,  32. 


Croft.  Ealph,  124,  125. 
Culpeper.  Catherine,  23,  77. 
Culpeper,  Lord  Gov.  of  Va., 

77. 
Culpeper,    Lord    Thomas,    23, 

77. 

Culpeper,  widow  of  lord,  77. 
Culpeper  Co.,  History  of,  76, 

77. 
Culpeper  Co.  "  Minute  Men," 

77. 

Culpeper  Co.,  surveyor  of,   79. 
Culpeper  Court-House,  78. 
Cumberland,  Md.,  32,  34. 

Daughely.  Nathaniel,  126. 
"Daughter  of  the  Stars,"  22. 
Davids   Run,    Frederick    Co., 

89. 

Davis.  William,  115,  117. 
Davis.  Worthington,  116. 
Dawson.  Isaac,  109,  110. 
"Dear  Friend  John,"  57. 
Deer,  wild,  in  Fairfax  Co.,  39. 
Delaware  Indians,  36,  37. 
Denny,  Lord  Fairfax,  24. 
Denton.  Robert,   71/80,   104, 

105. 

Dilouza.  James,  96,  97,  106. 
Dinner  with  wine,  etc.,  28. 
Dinwiddie.  Gov.,  64. 
Discrete  in  use  of  liquors,  29. 
Dishes,  had  none,  51. 
Dividing  line,  32. 
Dogwood  trees,  81. 
Double  dating,  15. 
Doubloon  a  day,  63. 
Draft  of  letter  to  Lord  Fairfax, 

73. 
Draft  of  letter  to  sister-in-law, 

66. 


'36 


Index. 


Dnl any,  Mr.,  of  Maryland,  31. 
Dumfries,  21. 

Dimbar.  Ann,  71,  82,  S3,  104. 
Dunbar.  John,  82,  104. 
Duncan.  William,  39. 
Dununore's  Indian  War,  20. 
Dutch,  speaking  no  English,  45. 

Early  maps  of  Va.,  52. 
Edwards.    David,    87,    88,  89, 

90,  91,  96,  97. 

Edwards.  Joseph,  8S,  98,  99. 
Edwards.  Thomas,  88,  98. 
Elm  trees,  87. 

Elizabeth  City,  Co.,  Va.,  59. 
Ellswick.  John,  83. 
Ellswick.  John,  Sr.,  72. 
Employment,  first,  9. 
England  and  the  calendar,  15. 
Enoch.  Henry,  108,  112. 
Episcopal  Church,  26. 
Everett,  60. 
Expert  in  surveying,  11. 

Fairfax.  Anne,  53,  68. 

Fairfax.  Rev.  Bryan,  19,  24, 
60,  68. 

Fairfax.  Catherine,  77. 

Fairfax.  Ferdinand,  19. 

Fairfax.  George  William,  11, 
12,  15,  16,  17,  18,  27,  45, 
49,  51,  52,  54,  59,  60,  68, 
72,  73,  115,  121,  122,  123. 

Fairfax.  Hannah,  69. 

Fairfax.  Henry,  23,  67. 

Fairfax.  Robert,  24. 

Fairfax.  Sarah,  68. 

Fairfax.  Capt.  Thomas,  68. 

Fairfax.  Lord  Thomas,  11,  12, 
15,  20,  22,  26,  37,  53,  68. 

Fairfax.  lion.  William,  11,  15, 
18,  23,  67,  69. 


Fairfax,  Hon.  Wm.,  Trustee, 
53. 

Fairfax.  Wm.  Henry,  69. 

Fairfax  Co.,  its  formation,  52, 
117. 

Fairfax  land  office,  13. 

Fairfax  manor,  40. 

Fauntleroy.  Betty,  61. 

Feather  bed,  29. 

Federal  Constitution,  37. 

Field  book  of  surveys,  75,  76. 

Field  notes  of  surveys,  12,  13, 
74. 

Fifteen  Mile  creek,  63. 

Filial  reverence,  10. 

First  road  over  the  Alleghanies, 
31. 

Flag  of  "  Culpeper  Minute 
Men,"  77. 

Fleas  and  other  vermin,  26. 

Flesh  fork,  35. 

Fork  of  S.  Branch,  38,  40. 

Forked  sticks  for  spits,  51. 

Fort  Ashby,  22,  34. 

Fort  Loudoun,  26. 

Fort  Wolf,  47. 

Forts  in  Frederick  Co.,  26. 

Forts,  to  build,  on  Ohio,  65. 

Forts,  to  garrison,  against  In 
dians,  64. 

Foster.  Isaac,  124,  126. 

Fox.  Robert,  129. 

Foxes,  wild,  near  Washington, 
39. 

Frankfort  on  Patterson  creek, 
22. 

Franklin.  Ben.,  65. 

Frederick  county,  20,  24,  25, 
26,  34,  45,  50,  54,55,  85,87, 
88,  89,91,95,100,  101,102, 
106, 107,  108,  114,  121,  122. 


Index. 


Fredericksburg,  Ya.,  19,  61. 
French  and  English  on   Ohio, 

31. 
French,  early  adopt  knife  and 

fork,  35. 

Friend.  John,  111. 
Friend.  Nicholas,  111. 
Frontier  -cabins,  27. 
Fry  and  Jefferson's  map,  20. 

"  Game,"  a  fictitious  term,  28. 

Genn.  James,  21,  51,  55,  56. 

German  emigrants,  45. 

German  Protestants,  45. 

German  regiments,  46. 

Germans  in  Shenandoah  Val 
ley,  45,  47. 

Gist.  Christopher,  64. 

Glade.  "Smith's,"  120. 

Gooch,  Governor,  of  Ya.,  25, 
37. 

Good  humor,  28. 

Goony  Run  manor,  39. 

Great  bend  in  Shenandoah,  52. 

Great  Cacapehon,  63. 

Great  Valley  of  Virginia,  13. 

Greathouse,  32. 

Greeks  did  not  have  table  forks, 
35. 

Green  way  Court,  18,  22. 

Greenway  Court,  library  at,  67. 

Greenway  Court  manor,  39. 

Gregorian  chronology,  15. 

Grubb's  line,  121. 

Gryrnes.  Miss  Lucy,  60. 

Gum  trees,  90,  93. 

Half   brother — Lawrence,  10, 

12,  66. 

Hamilton.  James,  80. 
18 


Hamilton,  James,  Jr.,  72. 
Hampshire  Co.,  Va.,  34,  39. 
Hampton.  George,  123. 
Hampton.  Joseph,  123. 
Hampton.  Richard,  129. 
Hampton.   Thomas,  124,   127, 

129. 

Hanbury.  John,  64. 
Hancock,  Maryland,  63. 
Hardy  Co.,  Va.,  20,  22,  37,  39, 

40,  73. 

Harris.  Henry,  47. 
Harrison.  Ann,  23. 
Havre-de-Grace,  Md.,  30. 
Hay,  stack  of,  50. 
Haynes.  Joshua,  121. 
Hedges.  Solomon,  34. 
Hedgman's  creek,  80. 
Hemp  and  tobacco,  24. 
Hend ricks.  Henry,  126. 
Henry.  Patrick,  70. 
Hogan.  Edward,  78,  79,  80,  81, 

105. 
Hickory  trees,  28,  41,  46,  48, 

55. 

Historical  year,  15. 
Hite.  Capt.  Joist,  24,  25,  51. 
Horner.  George,  72. 
Horse  jockey,  37. 
House  of  Burgesses,  53. 
How.  Josh.,  83,  84. 
Howard's  early  settlers,  38. 
Howt.  Jno.,  from  K  E.,  72. 
Hughes.  Elias,  93. 
Hughes.  Hugh,  92,  93. 
Hughes.  Thomas,  91,  92. 
Hughes.  "William,  Jr.,  92,  93, 

94. 

Hughes.  William,  Sr.,  92,  93. 
Humphras.  Mrs.,  70. 
Hunting  creek  plantation,  53. 


138 


Index. 


Hunting  lodge,  22. 
Hyatt.  George,  89. 

Illinois  formed  from  Va.,  55. 

Indian  dance,  33. 

Indian  scalp,  33. 

Indian  trails  lead  through  the 

mountain  passes,  52. 
Indiana  formed  from  Va.,  55. 
Indians   returning   from   war, 

33. 

Indians,  trading  with,  31. 
Introduction,  9. 
Introduction  of  table  forks,  35. 
Inventory  of  articles  bought  at 

Fairfax  sale,  16,  17. 
Irving,  60. 

Isaacs.  Samuel,  125,  126,  127. 
Italy,  use  of  knife  and  fork,  35. 

Jamestown,  Va.,  60. 

Jefferson  Co.,  Va.,  50. 

Jefferson.  Thomas,  32. 

"  Jesuit  Bird,"  38. 

Jet.  Francis,  75,  76. 

"Joe's  Hole,"  126. 

Johnston,  122,  128. 

Johnston.  Abram,  34. 

Johnston.  Capt.  George,  120, 
130. 

Johnston.  John,  121. 

Johnston.  Thomas,  54,  55. 

Johnston.  Miss,  marries  T.  C re- 
sap,  30. 

Johnstones.  William,  28. 

Jones.  Thomas,  121. 

Journal,  a  literal  transcript  of, 
13. 

Journal,  a  private  memoran 
dum,  14. 

Journal  mutilated,  56. 


Journal    of   my  journey  over 

the  mountains,  12. 
Journal   of    voyage    to  Barba- 

does,  12. 
Judas  tree,  47. 
Jump.  Isabella,  123. 
Jump.  Widow,  124, 128. 
Justice  of  the  peace.  34. 
Juvenile  letters,  54. 

Kanawha  river,  64. 

Keith.  John,  108,  109. 

Kentucky  formed  from  Va., 
55. 

Kercheval's  History  of  the  Val 
ley,  22,  25,  36. 

Keys.  T.,  116,  117,  120. 

King.  George,  65. 

King  George  Co.,  Va.,  21. 

King  of  Hungary,  35. 

Kinnison.  Edward,  Jr.,  95. 

Kinsman.  Samuel,  72. 

Kinson.  James,  71. 

Kittatinny  mountain,  21. 

Knife  and  fork  at  table,  34. 

Lafayette.  General,  21. 

Land  office,  12. 

Land  rights,  40. 

Land  surveying  profitable,  11. 

Land  title,  37. 

Land  warrants,  form  of,  72. 

Lane.  Eichard,  112. 

Lee.  Arthur,  54. 

Lee.  George,  54. 

Lee.  Genl.  Henry,  24,  60. 

Lee.  Richard  Henry,  54,  64. 

Lee.  Thomas,  64. 

Leeds  Castle,  England,  24,  77. 

Letters,  a  study  for,  57,  58,  62. 

Letters,  drafts  of,  57,  58. 


Index. 


139 


Lieutenant   of  Frederick    Co., 

23. 

Limestone  rocks,  28. 
Lindsay.  John,  127. 
Lindsay.  Eobert,  107. 
Lindsay.  William,  28,  55. 
Liquor  given  Indians,  33. 
List  of  clothes,  69. 
Little  Cacapehon,  63,  111. 
Liveron.  Michael  Calb,  44. 
Lizenby.  Daniel,  104,  105. 
Locust  trees,  49,  55. 
Loftan.  Thomas,  121, 122, 123. 
Loftan.  Thomas,  Jr.,  123. 
Logan,  friend  of  the  whites,  32. 
Logan,  Indian  chief,  32. 
Lonem.  John,  78,  79,   88,  89, 

90,  92,  93,  94,  95,  96,  97,  98, 

99,  100,  101,  102,  103,  104, 

105,  106,  107,  108, 109, 110, 

111,  112,  113. 
Long  Marsh,  26,  27,  31,  54,  55, 

56,  122,  126. 
Lord  Baltimore,  32. 
Lordship's  quarters,  22. 
Lost  his  father,  9. 
Lost  River,  79,  80,  81,  82,  84, 

85,  87,  103,  105. 
Lost  the  road,  52. 
"  Lots,"  a  surveyor's  term,  36, 

37. 

Loudoun  Co.,  Ya.,  52. 
"  Low  Land  Beauty,"  59,  60. 
Lowther's  College,  68. 
Lutheran  Church,  46. 
Lynch.  Barnaby,  100. 
Lynn  trees,  81,  84,  85,  86, 103. 

McBride.  Francis,  81,  82,  104. 
McBride.  William,  82. 
McCarty.  Timothy,  120. 


McCay.  James,  113, 114. 
McClahan.  Thomas,  127. 
McCormick.  Dr.  James,  121, 

130. 

McHandry.  Barnaby,  85. 
McKannary.  Barnaby,  71. 
McKeaver  and  son,  97. 
McKeaver.  Darby,  Jr.,  95,  96, 

113. 
McKeaver.    Darby    the  elder, 

72,  96. 

McKleduff.  Daniel,  116,  117. 
McKoy.  James,  71. 
Madden.  John,  126. 
Manor  lines,  39,  46,  49. 
Manor  of  Leads,  39. 
Manorial  grants  in  Ya.,  39. 
Manors  in  N.  Y.  or  Patroons, 

40. 
Markers  on  surveys,  28,  39,  55, 

78,  79,  80,  82,  83,  85,  86,  87, 

90,  91,  92,  93,  94,95,96,97, 

101,  109, 115,  120,  122, 123, 

124, 126, 127. 
Mason.  George,  31,  64. 
Mason,  George,  trustee,  53. 
Mathematics,   his  aptitude  in, 

10. 

Matthews.  Patrick,  121. 
Maple  trees,  84,  85. 
Marshall.  Chief  Justice,  24. 
Martin,    Rev.    Denny,     name 

changed,  24. 

Maryland  house  wife,  66. 
Matured  early  in  life,  14. 
Mead.  Bishop,  60. 
Mecklenburg,  Ya.,  46. 
Memorandum  for  a  coat,  62. 
Memorandum  of  clothes,  69. 
Mercer.  George,  65. 
Miller.  John,  124,  125. 


140 


Index. 


Miller,  Win.,  horse  jockey,  105. 

Minute  Men's  flag,  77. 

Monongahela  river,  64. 

Monroe.  John,  74. 

Moor.  Philip,  47,  48. 

Moreiield,  Ya.,  40. 

Morgan  Co.,  Ya.,  30. 

Morgan.  Gen.  Daniel,  21. 

Morris's  patent,  125,  129. 

Morton.  Rev.  Andrew,  18. 

Mother    of    G.  Washington,  9. 

Mount  Yernon,  10,  18,  52,  53, 
68. 

Month  of  S.  Branch,  45. 

Mul ilen berg.  Eev.  Maj.  Gen., 
46. 

Musgrove.  Edward,  114,  115. 

Musgrove.  John,  15. 

Music  by  Indians,  33. 

My  journey  over  the  moun 
tains,  15. 

N.  B.,  56. 

Namacolin,    an    Indian  chief, 

31. 

Nassau,  New  Providence,  68. 
National  road,  31. 
Nave.  Leonard,  44. 
Neck  of  land,  110. 
Neighbors   supply    provisions, 

51. 

Nevill.  Amelia,  21. 
Neville.  George,  15,  19,  129. 
Neville.  Brig.  Genl.  John,  20. 
Neville.  Col.  Joseph,  20. 
Neville.  Presley,  21. 
Neville's  ordinary,  20. 
New  Providence,  65. 
Newton.  John,  108. 
Nicholas.  Robert  Carter,  60. 
'Nickson.  George,  101. 


Night  caps,  69. 
No  idle  boy  life,  14. 
Norman's  ford,  78. 
Norman's  line,  78. 
North  American  Indians,  52. 
North  branch,  32. 
North  mountain,  26,  32. 
North  river  of  Cacapehon,  106. 
Northern  neck  of  Va.,  11,  23, 

72,  77. 
Note  book  of  memoranda,  54. 

Occoquan  river,  19,  21. 
Old  fields,  49,  50. 
Old  Town,  31,  64. 
Oldham.  Winifred,  20. 
Ohio  company,  53,  63,  64,  65. 
Ohio  river,  head  of,  25,  31. 
Ohio,  State  of,  founded,  55. 
Opequan  river,  25,  45. 
Orange  Co.,  Ya.,  25. 
Oratory  of  Indians,  32. 
Osborne.  Jeremiah,  48. 
Owen.  Thomas,  122, 

Parke.  John,  Jr.,  89,  90. 
Parke.  John,  Sr.,  98,  113. 
Parke.  Roger,  113. 
Parker.  John,  112. 
Parker.  Thomas,  Sr.,  100. 
Patroons, barons  of  manor  lands 

in  N.  Y.,  40. 

Patterson  creek  manor,  39. 
Patterson's  creek,  22,  34. 
Peach  bottom,  30. 
Peaks  of  Otter,  21. 
Pendleton    Co.,    W.    Ya.,    32, 

37,  40. 
Pennington.    Capt.    Isaac,    24, 

121,  125,  126. 
Pennsylvania,  25. 


Index. 


141 


People  follow  the  surveyors, 
45,  48,  49. 

Pernicious  weeds,  27. 

Persirnon  trees,  75. 

Picture  of  a  war  dance,  34. 

Pilot  in  surveying,  28,  55. 

Pine  trees,  42. 

Pinson.  Aaron,  42. 

Plat  of  early  surveys,  11. 

Plat  of  "  Hell  Hole,"  11. 

Plat  of  survey,  79. 

Plat  of  turnip  field,  11. 

Plats  drawn,  81,  82,  83,  85,  86, 
88,  89,  90,  92,  93,  95,  98, 
100,  101,  102,  103,  104, 
105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  111, 
114,  115,  118,  119,  120,122, 
123,  124,  125, 126,  127,  128, 
129,  130. 

Plumb.  Samuel,  111. 

Prince  William  Co.,  19. 

Point  Lookout,  29. 

Poisoned  fields,  27,  28. 

Polk,  Charles,  of  Md.,  30. 

Pope's  creek,  Westmoreland 
Co.,  52. 

Poplar  trees,  81. 

Portrait  of  Major  Washington, 
54. 

Potomac,  head  spring  of,  80. 

Potomac  river,  21,  23,  31, 109. 

Potomac  river,  high  water,  29. 

Powell.  Joseph,  90,  91,  92,  93. 

Pownall.  S.,  65. 

Pownall's,  Gov.  map,  20. 

President  of  Council,  68. 

Prince  William  Co.,  15,  21,  52. 

Proprietary  rights,  77. 

Provisions  exhausted,  51. 

Pugh.  Evan,  90,  91,  92. 

Pugh.  Evan,  Jr.,  91,  93,  100. 


Pugh.  Jacob,  90,  91,  92. 
Pugh.  Jacob,  Jr.,  90,  100. 
Pulmonary  trouble,  54. 

Quebec,  storming  of,  69. 

Ramsay,    William,   trustee    of 

Alexander,  53. 
Randolph.  Senator,  77. 
Rankon.  Hugh,  120. 
Rappahannock  river,  19,  23. 
Rattle  snake,  52. 
Raynal.  Abbe,  32. 
Razor  in  toilet  outfit,  69. 
Red  bud  trees,  46. 
Red  oak  trees,  28,  44. 
Redstone  creek  storehouse,  65. 
Reed.  Peter,  41. 
Regar.  Anthony,  42. 
Reward  for  man  scalps,  33,  34. 
Rice.  Patrick,  126. 
Rich  barons,  124. 
Rich  lands,  24. 
Road  made  over  the  Alleghany, 

31,  65. 

Roberts.  John,  78. 
Robinson.  Nicholas,  93,  94,  95. 
Roe.  Richard,  75. 
Rogers.  Gov.  Wood,  68. 
Romans   without    knives    and 

forks,  35. 
Royal  charter,  32. 
"  Rules  of  civility,"  26,  35. 
Russell,  J.  A.,  Esq.,  72. 
Rutherford.     Capt.      Reuben, 

115,  119. 
Rutledge.  James,  37,  38,  39. 

Sale  at  Belvoir,  16,  19. 
Salem,  Massachusetts,  68. 
Salt  Lick,  40. 


142 


Index. 


Scalps  of  Indians,  rewards  for, 

33,  34. 

School-house,  75. 
Schools  attended,  10. 
Scott.  James,  83,  84,  103. 
Sebastian.  Stephen,  123. 
Sheely.  John,  128,  129. 
Sheets,  clean,  on  beds,  29. 
Shenandoah  Co.,  Ya.,  39. 
Shenandoah  river,   21,  22,   26, 

47,  52,   114. 

Shenandoah  valley,  20,  25. 
Shepherdstown,  Ya.,  37,  4G. 
Sheplar.  Henry,  48. 
Sheriff  of  Frederick  Co.,  20. 
Sherley.  Walter,  120. 
Shoker.  Harmon,  42. 
Silver  fonr-pronged  forks,  36. 
Simson.  James,  46. 
Sinclair.  John,  15. 
Six  Nations,  29. 
Six  pistoles  a  day,  63. 
Skilled  director  of  surveys,  51. 
Skipton,  England,  30,  31. 
Slaughter.  Francis,  78. 
Sleeping  in  the  open  air,  63. 
Sleeping  on  cabin  floors,  27. 
Smith.  George,  122,  123. 
Smith.  James,  102,  103,  106. 
Smith.  Silvenus,  71,  88,  98,  9(,», 

112,  113. 

Smith's  Glade,  120. 
South  branch  manor,  39. 
South  branch  Potomac,  30,  32, 

36. 

South  mountain,  21. 
South  Potomac,  68. 
Southerd.  Hannah,  128. 
Southerd.  Stephen,  128. 
Spanish  oak,  41,  44,  46,  49. 
Spark's  Washington,  79. 


Spectator,  reading,  67. 
Spring  branch,  46,  48. 
Spruce  trees,  115. 
"  Squire  "  (G.  W.  Fairfax),  36. 
St.  John's  wort,  27. 
Stackhouse.  John,  72,  103, 106, 

107,  108. 

Stafford  Co.,  Ya.,  21. 
Stephenson.  Richard,  115,116. 
Stone  house  built  by  Cresap,  30. 
Stone  house  built  by  Hite,  25. 
Stone  lodge,  23. 
Stony  creek,  47. 
Storehouse  at  Red  stone,  65. 
Storehouse  at  Will's  creek,  64. 
Strasburg,  Ya.,  46. 
Straw  house,  49. 
Studied  surveying,  11. 
Stump.  Andrew,  103. 
Stump.  Michael,  38,  40,  41,  44. 
Sugar  trees,  22. 
Surveying  in  Shenandoah  val- 

ley,  12. 

Surveyor's  art,  9,  28. 
Surveyors  set  to  work,  51. 
Swam   horses   over    Potomac, 

30,  34. 
Sycamore  trees,  45,  48,  111. 

Table  cloth,  34. 
Table  knife,  history  of,  34,  35. 
Tarred  cotton  cap,  TO. 
Taylor.  Richard,  28,  39,  55. 
Tent  carried  off  by  wind,  45. 
Tent  pitched,  50. 
Thomas.  James,  100,  105. 
Thomas.  Lewis,  116,  117,  118. 
Thomas.  Nathan,  120. 
Thornton's,  69. 
Timberless  tracts  of  land,  50. 
Titled  patron,  12. 


Index. 


Tomahawk  blaze,  43. 
Tomahawk  claims,  43. 
4 'Toner  Collection,"  77. 
Toulston  Hall,  24. 
Town  creek,  63. 
Treeless  prairies,  50. 
Through  a  narrow  pass,  50. 
Trout  run,  90. 
Trustees  of  Alexandria,  53. 
Turkeys  become  wild,  38. 

Undressed  for  bed,  26. 
"  Upper  Tract,"  Va.,  32. 
Urton.  John,  126,  128,  129. 

"  Vacant,"  a  surveyor's  term, 

43,  46. 

Valley  of  Virginia,  36. 
Vance.  Alexander,  124,  129. 
Vance.   John,    123,   124,   125, 

126,  128. 

Van  Meter.  Henry,  36,  49,  50. 
Van  Meter.  Isaac,  25,  37. 
Van  Meter.  John,  25,  36,  37. 
Van  Meter's  Marsh,  37. 
Van  Meters,  sketch  of,  36. 
Vermin  in  beds,  26. 
Verrion.  Admiral,  53. 
Verses,  54,  70,  71. 
Vestall.  William,  114. 
Vincy.  Andrew,  71, 84,  85, 103. 

Walker,  Major,  of  Nassau,  68. 
Walker.  Samuel,  117. 
Walker's  pioneers  in  valley,  38. 
Walnut  bottoms,  31. 
Walnut  trees,  47. 
Walpool  grant,  65. 
Walpool.  Thomas,  65. 
Wappotomaka  or  South  branch, 
32,  40. 


War  dance,  34. 
Warden.  James,  103,  106. 
Warden.  William,  87,  104. 
Warm  spring,  29. 
Washington  and  the  Ohio  Co., 

31. 
Washington  cottage   at   Bath, 

30. 

Washington  county,  Md.,  30. 
Washington,  his   reading,    67, 

73. 

Washington    licensed     a    sur 
veyor,  78. 

Washington  made  Major,  26. 
Washington.  Anne,  54. 
Washington,    Augustine,    Jr., 

and  Ohio  Co.,  33,  34. 
Washington.    Augustine,    Sr., 

52,  53. 

Washington.  Mrs.  Aug.,  66. 
Washington.  Col.,  18. 
Washington,    George,    begins 

life,  15. 
Washington,  George,"  S  C  C.", 

78. 
Washington,  George,  to  leave 

school,  10. 
Washington.  Capt.  Henry,  67, 

75. 

Washington,  Col.  John,  the  em 
igrant,  52. 
Washington.  John  Augustine, 

116. 
Washington.  Lawrence,  64,  68, 

116,  118,  119,  121. 
Washington.  Major  Lawrence, 

10,  12. 
Washington,  Lawrence,  at  Bath, 

30. 
Washington,    Lawrence,     and 

Ohio  Co.,  31. 


1 44 


Index. 


Washington,    Lawrence,   half-1 
brother  to  George,  52. 

Washington,    Lawrence,    mar 
ried,  53. 

Washington,    Lawrence,    por 
trait  of,  54. 

Washington.  Mary,  9. 

Washington.  Richard,  67. 

Washington.  Sarah,  54. 

Washington.  Warner,  69. 

Washington's  diaries,  18,  20. 

Washington's  purchases  at  sale, 
16,  17. 

Watts.  John,  74. 

Wearing  apparel,  69. 

Welton.  John,  94. 

Welton.  Henry,  94. 

West  Indies,  54,  68. 

West,  William,  of  Fairfax  Co., 
52. 

Westmoreland  Co.,  68. 

Wharton.  Samuel,  65. 

White  oak  trees,  41,  55. 

White  pine  trees,  80,  84. 

White  walnut  trees,  48,  81,  93, 
94. 

White  wood  tree,  45,  46. 

Wiggans.  Thomas,  72, 109,  111. 

Wiggans.  William,  109,  111. 

Wigs  worn,  70. 

Wild  cherry  trees,  85. 

Wild  meadows,  50. 

Wild    turkey    eggs    taken   to 
Turkey,  38. 


Wild  turkey,  its  name,  38. 

Wild  turkey  killed,  49. 

Wild  turkey,  native  of  Amer 
ica,  38. 

Wild  turkeys,  41,  45,  49. 

William    and    Mary    College, 
78. 

Williams'  Academy,  11,  66. 

Williams' gap,  52. 

Williams.  Thomas,  110,  111. 

Williamsburg,  Ya.,  67. 

Willis,  Francis,  Jr.,  18. 

Will's  creek,  31,  65. 

Wilton.  John,  71. 

Winchester,  Frederick  Co.,  19, 
22,  25,  52,  80,  96. 

Wine  and  rum  punch,  28. 

Wood.  Daniel,  106. 

Wood.  David,  106, 107. 

Wood.  James,  25,  26. 

Wood.  Jeremiah,  127. 

Woodfin.  John,  94,  114. 

Woodfin.  Samuel,  94. 

Woodsman,  26. 

Woodstock,  Ya.,  45,  46,  47. 

Worthington.  Robert,  116, 118, 
119,  120,  121,  130. 

Wolf.  Widow,  47,  48. 

Wolf's  fort,  47. 

Wolf's  marsh,  47. 

Wright's  ferry,  30. 

Wirthlington     Church,     Eng 
land,  19. 


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